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the Qing dynasty of the Manchus was at the height of its power.
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the rebels seized Nanjing, the second largest city of the empire, and massacred 25,000 men, women, and children.
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As a result of the Treaty of Tianjin in 1858, the Chinese agreed to legalize the opium trade and open new ports to foreign trade.
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The SatCho alliance (from Satsuma-Choshu) forced the shogun to promise to end relations with the West.
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In 1868, the new leaders signed a Charter Oath, in which they promised to create a new legislative assembly within the framework of continued imperial rule.
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Traditional values were also given a firm legal basis in the 1889 constitution, which lim- ited the right to vote to men.
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In 1904, Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur, which Russia had taken from China in 1898.
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A convention in Tokyo, Sun united radical groups from across China and formed the Revolutionary Alliance
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President Theodore Roosevelt made a “gentlemen’s agreement” with Japan that essentially stopped Japanese immigration to the United States.
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In 1910, Japan annexed Korea outright.