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The person eats the allergen.
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The body creates an antibody.
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The antibody, attatches itself to cells found in tissues all over the body in order to prepare the body for if that allergen enters the body again.
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When the food allergen enters the body again, the allergen binds to the antibodies and sends out signals to the body to release large amounts of histamine.
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The histamine causes irritation and swelling in parts of the body.
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This irritation then varies from person to person such as mild hives, shortness of breath, to anaphylaxis.