-
Period: to
Russo-Japanese War
Dispute over the Chinese region of Manchuria + neighboring warm water port by Russia and Japan (*). -
First Moroccan Crisis
-
Austrian-German Alliance
Wilhelm II pledges alliance to Autria-Hungary against Serbia. -
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria, Austria-Hungary empired blamed it on Serbia. Consequential activation of the European alliance system. Start of WWI. -
Austria declares was on Serbia
-
Period: to
World War I
-
Germany declares war on Russia
-
Germany declares war on France
Invasion of Belgium, Schleiffen Plan. -
Britain declares war on Germany
Came to Belgium's defense. -
Battle of the Marne
First WWI battle to employ trench warfare. French soldiers attack the German First Army (were pressured by their proximity to Paris). German army was separated from the main army directed towards Paris, thus dug trenches to defend themselves from the French ~ set trench lines for the Western front. -
Battle of Gallipoli
Churchill believed it would be the battle to end WWI, planned an attack over the conquest of the Dardanelles. Example of colonialism. Anzac forces fighting the Ottomans. -
Sinking of the Lusitania
By a German U-boat ~ gave the US reason to join the war. -
Italy declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
-
Battle of Verdun
Ended 16 Dec. 1916. Launching of a massive German attack on Verdun- historic importance to France, believed that they would put all their man to fight there, and Germany would win by numbers (had more men, would last longer). Use of flamethrowers. Led to the Battle of the Somme. Eventual German withdrawal. -
Battle of the Somme
Ended Nov. 1916. Battle between the French + UK and Germany. Battle struck to remove some of the pressure from the French at Verdun + inflict more causalities on the German army. Covered by innacurate media. First heavy use of tanks in war. -
Zimmerman Note
Germany's invitation for Mexico to join the war on their side. -
US declares war on Germany
-
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Signed between Germany and Russia, removed Russia from the war. Russia gave up territory (Lithuania, Livonia, Estonia, Riga, etc)~ Germany could exploit these economically valubale lands. -
German Armistic with Allies ends WWI
-
Paris Peace Conference
The Big Four (Loyd Geroge [UK], Clemenceau [FR], Wilson [US], Orlando[IT]) meet to set the terms of defeat for the Central Powers. -
Treaty of Versailles
Article 231, War Guilt Clause: foced Germany to pay reparations to the allies.
Article 232: Germany should only pay for the civilian damage.
Articles 159 - 213: describe naval and military restrictions imposed upon the Central Powers.
Gave raise to Wilson's 14 Points ~sovereignty, self-determination. -
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
First Sino-Japanese War. -
Italian invasion of Ethiopia
-
Remilitarization of the Rhineland
Germany invaded the Rhineland ~ originally prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles and Locarno. First definitive Nazi action against the "Allies" (pre and during WWII). -
Japanese Invasion of Northern China
Second Sino-Japanese War -
Germany invades Poland
Start of WWII, and Poland had been divided by Hitler and Stalin amongst themselves. First use of Blitzkrieg. -
Period: to
World War II
-
France and Britain declare war on Germany
Chamberlain had sent Hitler an ultimatum in Sept. 2 ~ chose to ignore it. -
Poland surrenders to Germany
-
Germany invades Denmark and Norway
Ends Phoney War, Finland was already attacked by the Soviets. -
Battle of Dunkirk
Defense and evacuation of British and Allied forces. Evacuation ended in 4 June 1940. Smaller part of the Battle of France. -
Italy declares war on France
-
French Division
France was split. North was controlled by Germany, South became Vichy France -
Battle of Britain
Ended Sempt. 1940. Consolidation of Operation Sealion (Germany wished to control the British cannal so it could attack the UK). Luftwaffe confrontation with British airforce. Naval attack also involved (lesser degree). UK successfuly defended its territory, German defeat. -
Land-Lease Act
Program under which the US supplied the UK, USSR, China, Vichy France + other Allied nations with war materials between 1941 and August 1945. Was a law. Considered and "act to further promote the defense of the United States". -
Operation Barbarossa
Germany invades Russia, attack based off Blitzkried. First sign that Hitler had lost interest on Britain and now was blindly seeking Soviet territory. Stopped by Hitler's mis-synchronization of his objectives and the upcomming winter- army was not prepared, so it was stalled by the cold. -
Invasion of Leningrad
Start of a 900 days seige. First shell exploded there. -
Pearl Harbor
Japanese attack of the bay, led to the development of the Pacific Theater of WWII. -
UK and US declare war on Japan
Contingent upon Pearl Harbor. -
Germany declares war on the US
To protect its Asian ally. -
Battle of Midway
Lasted for 3 days. Where: Midway Atoll. Japan was attempting to consolidate its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. American navy defeated Japanese navy. Decisive American victory over Japan (broke the Japanese code, hence knew their attack locations and plans). -
Battle of Stalingrad
Ended 2 Feb. 1943. First decisive Soviet victory. Nazi's stalled before they could take over the city. Watershed on the European War. -
Battle of Guadalcanal
Ended 15 Nov. 1942. First definitive Japanese loss to the Allies as they conquered the island of Guadalcanal. First step in their plan of "Island Hopping". Watershed in the Pacific War. -
Germans held up at Stalingrad
Last trial at taking the city, had breen trying since 19 Aug. and failed all times. USSR held their advances and began an operation to expel German in 12 Dec. -
Battle of Kursk
Ended 23 Aug. 1943. Greatest tank battle of WWII, Germany vs. USSR. First definite German defeat ~ could not even past the enemy defense line. -
Tehran Conference
Ended 1 Dec. 1943. Stalin, Roosevel, Churchill (Big Three) met in Tehran, Iran. Western Allies committed to opening a "second front" against Germany. Recognized Iran's indeoendence after the conference. -
Operation Overlord
D-Day Invasion. Allied (UK, US, Canada) soldiers came to the shore of Normandy and began heading for Berlin. Defense planned by Erwin Rommel. Definitive Allied success. -
Battle of Normandy
Ended mid-July 1944. Includes the D- Day invasion. Forced the Germans to handle an intense two-front war. Marker of the start of German's territorial regression ~ began to have to return all previously conquered territory. -
Battle of Arnhem
Ended 26 Sept. 1944. Occured in the Netherlands. Allies wished to invade such territory due to its militarily strategic location ~ failed. -
Battle of the Ardennes
Ended 26 Sept. 1944. Germany attacked France through the Ardenne's passage ~ still, conflict not crucial to German defeat. Also known as the Battle of the Bulge. Won by Allied forces. -
Yalta Conference
Ended 11 Dec. 1945. Big Three met to discuss Europe's post-war reorganization. -
Battle of Iwo Jima
Ended 26 March1945. US invaded the islands and wished to capture them ~ use them as staging areas for attacks on Japan's main islands. American victory.
Famous image of US flag held up by soldiers over pile of wreckage. -
Battle of Okinawa
Ended 22 June 1945. Largest amphibious assult in the Pacific Theater. Consequence of the "island hopping" campaign employed by the Americans, contingent upon the take of Iwo Jima. Should beome a base for US air operations against Japan.
Nicknamed "the typhoon of steel" ~ refers to kamikaze attacks/sacrifices + ferocity of conflict. -
Death of Roosevelt
-
Hitler commits suicide
-
Germany surrenders unconditionally
-
V- E Day
Allied victory in Europe. -
Potsdam Conference
Ended 2 Aug. 1945. Meeting between the new Big Three: Stalin, Churchill (aid from Clement Attlee), Truman. Gathered to decide how to punish defeated Nazi Germany adequately. -
Nuclear attack on Hiroshima
-
Nuclear attack on Nagasaki
-
V- J Day
Japanese unconditional surrender. Allied victory on the Pacific. -
Nuremberg Trials
Ended in 1949. Most famous ones occurred between Nov. 1945 and 1Oct. 1946. -
Period: to
Indo Pakistan Wars
First Kashmir War: 22 Oct. 1947 - 1 Jan 1948
Second Indo-Pakistan War: August - 23 Sept. 1965
Third Indo-Pakistan War: 2-16 Dec. 1971
Wars over the region of Kashmir between India (*) and Pakistan (East and West). -
Period: to
Korean War
Soviet Union (*) and the United States dispute over Korean territory. US feared the Domino Theory was true and that Korea would also fall into Communism, making capitalism more vulnerable. US took the North, USSR the South. -
Period: to
Vietnam War
United States fight against Communsim in South Vietnam (*). Use of biological weapons. Resulted it the formation of Bangladesh. -
Period: to
Iran-Iraq War
Dispute between Iraq and Iran (*) over the Shatt-al-Arab waterway. Conflicts betwen Sunnis (Iraq)and Shias (Iran). US supports Iraq. -
Period: to
Falklands War
Dispute between Argentina and England (*) for the territory if the Falkland Islands. -
Period: to
Gulf War
Oil dispute between the United States (*), Kuwait, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates. Iraq annexed Kuwait to its territory to make use of its raw materials and oil reserves, yet was forced to give it back by the US and the UN.
