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The Manitoba Act
The Read River Resistance resulted in the Manitoba Act passed by Canada's parliament where it established Manitoba as a bilingual province with education rights for Catholics and Protestants and Metis land rights. -
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How The Metis Used Section 35 of The Constitution in Exercising Their Rights Over Time
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Scrip to The Metis
Canada's government issued scrip to the Metis, instead of establishing lands in Manitoba. The Canadian government thought that the Metis did not have the same rights to land as First Nations so they did not require reserves. The Metis thought that they have the same rights to land as any Aboriginal people. -
The Northwest Resistance
The Northwest Resistance sought to protect Metis lands. As the railway and settlers moved into western Canada, the Metis had to assert their rights, like the Red River Resistance. For Canada, it was an attempt to overthrow their aurthority. -
The Metis Farms
The Metis settlers established farms at St. Paul des Metis on lands provided by the Catholic Church. However, the Metis did'nt
t have title to the land and had to leave when the settlement was closed. -
L'Association des Metis de l'Alberta et des Territoires du Nord-Ouest
L'Association des Metis de l'Alberta et des Territoires du Nord-Ouest lobbied Alberta's government to set aside land for the Metis. They passed the Metis Population Betterment Act, which established twelve temporary Metis settlements. -
Bad Land
The land from the government were not suitable for farming, hunting, or fishing so the settlements were closed and the land went back to the government of Alberta. -
Section 35
The Metis lobbied for recognition of Metis rights in Canada's constitution. When te constitution was partiated, it had Section 35, which recognized the Metis as one of Canada's aboriginal peoples with rights. -
The Metis Legislation
The government enacted legislation under which the Metis recieved the Metis settlements as a permanent land base with the right to manage their own affairs. The legislation included the Constitution of Alberta Amendment Act, the Metis Settlements Accord Implementation Act, the Metis Settlements Act, and the Metis Settlements Land Protection Act. -
The Supreme Court's Decision
The Supreme Court ruled that the Metis have rights to hunting and fishing as one of Canada's Aboriginal people. The rights recognized the unique relationship to the land of the Metis based on history and their inherent rights as Aboriginal people. -
Negotiations
The Metis Settlements General Council and the Metis Nation of Alberta made agreements with Alberta's government that recognized Metis hunting and fishing rights. The agreements ensured that the Metis could hunt and fish for food without a licence. -
Land Promises
In April, the Metis in Manitoba launched a court case seeking commpensation for land promised, but not delivered, in the Manitoba Act.