-
Alexander Agassiz, makes an extended cruise into the south central Pacific, conducting sounding, dredging, and water temperature observations.
-
Was equipped with a Hayes echo sounder the first of its kind. The start of echo sounding.
-
Conducts the first radio acoustic ranging navigation operations on the West Coast. This is the first navigation system capable of round-the-clock operation in all weather conditions, and does not require a navigator to see either some recognizable landmark or celestial object to position a vessel.
-
This German expedition surveys the South Atlantic with echo-sounding equipment and other oceanographic instruments, proving the continuity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
-
Observed deep-sea fish and other marine organisms in their deep-sea habitat.
-
Lead to widespread exploration of the shallow ocean also perfected the fully automatic compressed air Aqualung.
-
Dives to 13,257 feet. Starts the era of manned untethered research submersibles.
-
The Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship Pioneer in a joint project with the U.S. Navy and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography uses the first first marine magnetometer and discovers magnetic striping on the seafloor.
-
The United States Navy discovered the deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
-
Japanese research vessel measured 10,938 meters in the Mariana Trench the deepest so far.