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Albatross
Alexander Agassiz, makes an extended cruise into the south central Pacific, conducting sounding, dredging, and water temperature observations. -
USS Stewart
Was equipped with a Hayes echo sounder the first of its kind. The start of echo sounding. -
Coast and Geodetic Survey
Conducts the first radio acoustic ranging navigation operations on the West Coast. This is the first navigation system capable of round-the-clock operation in all weather conditions, and does not require a navigator to see either some recognizable landmark or celestial object to position a vessel. -
Meteor
This German expedition surveys the South Atlantic with echo-sounding equipment and other oceanographic instruments, proving the continuity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. -
William Beebe dives in the Bathysphere.
Observed deep-sea fish and other marine organisms in their deep-sea habitat. -
Jacques-Yves Costeau and Emile Gagnan
Lead to widespread exploration of the shallow ocean also perfected the fully automatic compressed air Aqualung. -
French research submersible F.N.R.S. 3
Dives to 13,257 feet. Starts the era of manned untethered research submersibles. -
PIONEER Survey
The Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship Pioneer in a joint project with the U.S. Navy and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography uses the first first marine magnetometer and discovers magnetic striping on the seafloor. -
Dives of the Alvin
The United States Navy discovered the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. -
Mariana Trench
Japanese research vessel measured 10,938 meters in the Mariana Trench the deepest so far.