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1095
Pope Urban II Calls for the Crusades
The Muslims invaded the Holy Land, and the Pope created the Crusades, and they learned about new goods and products. -
1200
Shift to Trade
After Pope Urban called the Crusades, people explored new lands. New goods were discovered, and due to increased demand, trade became popular. -
1254
Marco Polo was Born
Marco was born to a family of merchants in Venice, Italy, which was a center for commerce and trade. -
1293
The Polos Return Home After a Voyage
After exploring Asia, the Polos return home from their trip with a ship containing ivory, jade, jewels, porcelain, and silk. It took two years, and out of a ship with several hundred passengers, only 18 survived, including the Polos. -
1298
Marco Polo was Captured
When leading a ship in battle, Marco Polo was captured. He wrote a book while prisoned called "The Travels of Marco Polo". It became an instant bestseller. -
1415
Portuguese captured Fortress of Ceuta
The capturing of the fortress helped the Portuguese set up trading posts in Africa, which would lead them to Asia. -
1419
Portuguese discover the Madeira Islands
The discovery of the Madeira Islands encouraged explorers to travel further south along the coast of Africa -
1427
Portuguese discovered the Azores Islands
Prince Henry funded explorers, leading to the discovery of the Azores Islands. This encouraged explorers to travel further south along the coast of Africa. -
1434
First Successful Voyage around Cape Bojador
After 15 failed attempts, one of Prince Henry's ships was able to safely navigate around Cape Bojador. This encouraged explorers to travel even farther. -
1469
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille Marry
The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella brought Catholics in Spain together. This started the conversion of making Spain Catholic again. -
1485
Columbus starts to ask for financing
Columbus started by asking the Portuguese monarchy for funding on his expedition to reach India, but he was turned down. He asked Genoa, Venice, England, and Spain. All of them, even Spain, said no at first. -
1488
Bartolomeu Días made it around Africa
Días successfully navigated around the tip of Africa and made it to the eastern coast of South Africa -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbus lands in the Americas
Colombus makes it to an island he called Hispaniola, he thought that he landed in the East Indies. Because of this, the native people were called Indians. -
1498
Portuguese Reached India
Vasco De Gama and his crew finally reached India. This helped Portugal become one of the richest countries in the world. -
Thomas Hobbes Writes the Leviathan
Hobbes describes that all people should be created equal, and have one common leader that everyone likes. He believes that without a common power, their will be war and destruction. -
John Locke
Locke wrote about everyone being independent. He believed that everyone was individual, and there wasn't any Superior. The Declaration of Independence was based on his writing. -
Declaration of Independence
After the 7 year war, England was left in debt. To pay back their money, they heavily taxed colonists in the Americas. Because of this, the people rebelled against the monarchy and wrote the Declaration of Independence (based on John Locke). -
French Declaration of Rights
After the 7 years war, the French people were also taxed heavily to pay the debt. So, they followed the Americans and declared independence from the French crown. -
Rebellion in Haiti Began
After the french revolution, slaves in Haiti wanted equal rights too. Since they outnumbered the white plantation owners, they rebelled and started a revolution. -
Slaves win in Haiti
After their leader got captured, Mean-Jaque Dessalines led the slaves. They gained victory and named the colony Haiti. -
France Invades Spain
Napolean Bonaparte successfully invaded Spain. He was already the ruler of France, but he opposed the views of the French Revolution. Bonaparte made his brother the Spanish emperor. -
Fight for Mexican Independence Began
Hidalgo rang the church bell to call the people to fight. This was called the Grito de Dolores and people joined together to protect the towns. -
Venezuela Invasion
Simón Bolívar invaded Venezuela to free them from Spanish rule. They became successful, and Bolívar became the supreme dictator of Venezuela. -
Chile Revolution
José de San Martín was a former Spanish military member. He decided to turn against Spain and supported revolutions in South America. -
Economic Depression
The economic crisis made a depression and banks failed. Moses Austin lost all of his money, which motivated him to venture to Texas. -
Moses Austin goes to Texas
Moses Austin, along with his slave went to East Texas in November 1820 with hopes to start a colony -
Mexico gains Independence
Years after Hidalgo is killed, the Mexicans continue to fight. Thanks to his motivation, they were able to win and gain independence from Spain -
Peru Independence
San Martín moved on to Peru after declaring independence for Chile. He took the capital, made them independent from Spanish rule, and became the protector of Peru. -
Imperial Colonization Law was Passed
In 1823, the government of Mexico passed the Imperial Colonization Law. With this law, Stephen F. Austin could keep bringing new settlers to his colony. -
San Felipe (Austin) became the Texas capital
San Felipe, which is located in present-day Austin was named the capital of Texas. The town had many resources that made it a good capital for protection and food. -
Bolívar becomes Dictator of Peru
After Bolívar and San Martín had a meeting, San Martín mysteriously fled to Europe and made Bolívar the leader of Peru. He joined all of his colonies to make the country of Bolivia. -
Constitution of 1824
Mexico said that they would have a president and congress to make laws. This was a federalist government. -
1790 Colonists lived in Austin's Colony
440 of the 1790 colonists were African American slaves. Many of the settlers were disciplined and educated because of Austin's rules and regulations. -
Republic of Fredonia
Benjamin Edwards had a revolt against the Mexican government. They wanted freedom because the Mexicans weren't giving them equality. -
San Felipe Expands
By 1827, there were around 100-200 residents living in San Felipe. Settlers described the area as well organized and resourceful. -
Law Preventing U.S. Immigration
The Law of April 6, 1830, declared that Mexico had full power over Texas. Settlers from the US could no longer go to Texas and they suspended empresario grants. -
Turtle Bayou Resolutions
Texans denied attacking the Mexican government. They said that they supported Santa Anna, this kept the peace for a little while. -
Santa Anna becomes President
Santa Anna became president and the April 6th law was revoked. Texas decides to apply for separate statehood. -
Texas Revolution Begins
Santa Anna declares himself dictator of Mexico and won't give Texas separate statehood. After the Consultation of 1835, Texas decided to fight for independence. -
San Antonio Attack
300 people marched to San Antonio and attacked the Mexicans. They captured 2 houses and were able to win. They captured Mexican General Cos. and had control of San Antonio -
Texans attack Mexican Mules
The Texans saw some Mexicans taking mules with cargo. They attacked them, and captured what they had, but only found feed for the animals. -
Texans won't Return Cannon
The Mexicans ask the Texans to return at cannon that they had, but the Texans wouldn't give it up. They stood up against the authority, and coined the famous line "COME AND TAKE IT." -
Goliad
50 soldiers marched to capture Goliad. They were able to successfully defeat the Mexicans and captured the Presidio La Bahía. This motivated them to continue fighting. -
Treaty of Velasco
In May of 1836, Texas was officially recognized as an independent country through the Treaty of Velasco. -
Alamo
Sam Houston ordered the Texans to leave the Alamo, but they didn't listen. So, the Mexicans, who outnumbered the Texans, started a 13-day siege. -
Mexicans win the Alamo
Mexicans win the Alamo, and all remaining Texans were executed. The main battle only lasted 30 minutes. -
Goliad Massacre
The Mexicans went back to Goliad to fight the Texans. They captured it and executed everyone who was left. A total of 342 people died that day. -
Texans win the war
When the Mexican soldiers were having a nap, the Texans surprise attacked them. They fought for the people who died and captured money and supplies. They even took Santa Anna as a prisoner.