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Communist activist Ho Chi Minh secretly returns to Vietnam after 30 years in exile and organizes a nationalist organization known as the Viet Minh (Vietnam Independence League).
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Amid rumors of a possible American invasion
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The Chinese under Chiang Kai-shek agree to withdraw from North Vietnam
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In Hanoi, 30,000 Viet Minh launch their first large-scale attack against the French.
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The French install Bao Dai as puppet head of state in South Vietnam.
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The French establish the (South) Vietnamese National Army.
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The People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union recognize Ho Chi Minh's Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
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20,000 Viet Minh under Gen. Giap begin a series of attacks on fortified French positions in the Red River Delta
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Giap begins a general withdrawal of Viet Minh troops from the Red River Delta.
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French supply lines along the Black River are cut. The road along Route Coloniale is also cut.