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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
Socrates was a legendary Greek philosopher admired for his integrity, self-mastery, philosophical insight, and argumentative skill. He was the first Greek philosopher to seriously explore questions of ethics. And he is known as the "Father of Western Philosophy" for his contributions to ancient Greek philosophy, which laid the foundation for Western Philosophy. -
"Is what is moral commanded by God because it is moral, or is it moral because it is commanded by God?" Plato was a Greek philosopher and mathematician from the Socratic period. As one of the founders of Western philosophy, he devoted his life to learning and instructing.
Plato's eudaemonistic ethics emphasizes human well-being as the highest goal of moral thought and conduct, with virtues as skills and character traits. -
"...Virtue is not merely a state in conformity with the right principle, but one that implies the right principle; and the right principle in moral conduct is prudence." Influential philosopher Aristotle promoted the idea that virtues are healthy routines that control our emotions. His view was that virtues should be practiced through acting in harmony with nature and moderation rather than by simple understanding. -
"The said truth is that is it the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of the right and wrong." Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher and political radical. He is credited as being the founder of utilitarianism, a moral theory that contends that deeds should be considered right or bad according to the degree to which they improve or impair human welfare, or "utility." -
"Do the right thing because it is right." Immanuel Kant's groundbreaking work in metaphysics and ethics made him an influential influence in contemporary Western philosophy.
He contends that human reason provides the moral law, which serves as the foundation for our belief in God, freedom, and immortality, and that human understanding is the source of the fundamental natural laws that govern all of our experiences. -
"A person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inactions, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury." John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, economist, and exponent of utilitarianism. He was prominent as a publicist in the reforming age of the 19th century and remains of lasting interest as a logician and an ethical theorist. -
"But to die to escape from poverty or love or anything painful is not the mark of a brave man, but rather of a coward; for it is a softness to fly from what is troublesome," Sir William David Ross was a British philosopher, college administrator, WW I veteran, civil servant, and humanities scholar known for his contributions to moral philosophy and classical literature. According to Ross, a prima facie duty is a duty that is binding or obligatory, other things being equal. -
"Moral judgments do not state any sort of fact, but rather express the moral emotions of the speaker and attempt to influence others." Charles Leslie Stevenson was an American philosopher best known for his pioneering work in the field of metaethics. Stevenson's emotivism is a theory of ethical language in which moral judgments express the speaker's emotions and attempt to influence others. It states that moral judgments do not state facts, but rather express them. -
“The sense of justice is continuous with the love of mankind.” The modern philosopher John Rawls focused on ideas of justice. His views are more concerned with general issues that take into account how the criminal justice system ought to behave and function in a liberal democracy than they are with assisting people in solving specific ethical problems. His Justice as fairness is a society of free citizens with equal basic rights and an egalitarian economic system. -
“At the foundation of moral thinking lie beliefs in statements the truth of which no further reason can be given.” MacIntyre has played a significant role in the recent resurgence of interest in virtue ethics, which views the habits and understanding of how to live a decent life as the key to understanding morality. His strategy aims to show that moral character leads to good judgment. He said that virtues are necessary for acquiring or maintaining a variety of practices.