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Democritus suggested atoms and void
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Boyle figured out the real definition of a element, and helped with the "death" of the old 4 elements
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Lavoisier discovered how combustion and oxidation works, and overthrew the phlogiston doctrine theory (the image).
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Dalton found out the real definition of compounds, and suggested that chemical reactions are rearrangements of atoms.
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Faraday suggested that atoms have "forcefields" around them, and the separation of atoms distinguish state of matter
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Mandeleer invented the periodic table of elements
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Thomson suggested that the atom is like a positive bun with negative raisins in it
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Rutherford discovered the existence of the nucleus
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Curie discovered radioactivity
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Opened quantum mechanics
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Bohr suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus, and reactions depend on the outermost layer
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He suggesed that everything is made of 4 elements, and things change because of conflict and harmony.