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With this case school segregation by race was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. It was the first time the federal government had advocated for students who experienced inequality and prejudice at school, and it set the path for future legislation for individuals with disabilities. -
As of the 1950's students with disabilities were still excluded from public education. In this case, the Supreme Court of Illinois stated that the states laws didn't require a “free public education for the ‘feebleminded’ or to children who were ‘mentally deficient’". It concluded that they could not benefit from a good education due to their "limited intelligence" (Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom pg. 4). -
This was the first act passed by the federal government that focused on protecting the right of students from disadvantaged backgrounds to have equal access to public education. It is well known for establishing the free and reduced lunch system. For individuals with disabilities it was important because it provided grants that encouraged the states to create and improve programs for them. -
The ESEA was revised in 1970 to the Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 91-230). Although it supported state programs for students with disabilities it didn't provided guidelines. -
This law defines a handicapped person and defines appropriate education. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities programs conducted by federal agencies, in programs receiving federal financial assistance, in federal employment and in the employment practices of federal contractors. -
It is also known as the Mainstreaming Law. This requires states to provide a free and appropriate public education for children with disabilities (ages 5 to 18). It also requires individualized education programs (IEPs) and it first defined least restrictive environment. -
In this case the Supreme Court ruled that schools could not expel children for behaviors related to their disability. It helped students with emotional or behavioral disorders. -
This piece of legislation was originally referred to as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975). The most important provisions and guidelines are the following: zero reject, child find, age, nondiscriminatory evaluation, individualized education program (IEP), least restrictive environment, due process, and confidentiality of records.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66g6TbJbs2g -
This law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It requires students to take statewide assessments that are aligned with curriculum accountability standards and schools are expected to make adequate yearly progress (AYP). It also gives parents whose children attend schools that do not meet state accountability standards the opportunity to send their children to schools with higher performance records.
https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1 -
This act introduces the response-to-intervention (RTI) model for determining whether a child has a specific learning disability. It also increases federal funds to provide early intervention services to students who don't need special education or related services, raises standards for special education licensure, and adopts policies designed to prevent the disproportionate representation of students in special education by race and ethnicity