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History of Pharmacology - By Jovesh Zachariah and Nick Panicker

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    Duties of a Pharmacologist

    According to the physician's orders, they prepare medications; finding therapeutic problematic issues.They create, package, and label medications.They manage medications and oversees therapies, while utilizing infection control protocols to protect patients and technicians.
  • Sir Henry Hallet Dale

    Sir Henry Hallet Dale
    Sir Henry Hallet Dale- He was an English pharmacist who received his medical degree from Cambridge in 1909.He first identified acetylcholine in 1914 as a neurotransmitter. He showed how important it was in the nervous system. Also, he devised "Dale's Principle" which states that each neuron emits only one type of neurotransmitter.
  • Alexander Fleming

    Alexander Fleming
    This scottish biologist and pharmacologist discovered the enzyme lysozyme.
  • Alexander Fleming

    Alexander Fleming
    In this year, he produced antibiotic penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum.
  • First Antihistime and Daniel Bovet.

    First Antihistime and Daniel Bovet.
    Daniel Bovet and his research student Anne Marie Staub synthesized the first antihistaminic thymoxideithylamine.
  • Gerhard Domagk

    Gerhard Domagk
    Gerhard Domagk found the sulfonamide Prontosil to be effective against streptococcus and even treated his own daughter with it, saving her from getting her arm amputated.
  • Daniel Bovet

    Daniel Bovet
    In this year, he discovered gallamine when he was looking for a substitute.
  • Louis Lasagna

    Louis Lasagna
    Louis Lasagna was responsible for the revision of the Hippocratic Oath
  • Earl Sutherland Jr.

    Earl Sutherland Jr.
    He discovered the mechanisms of the action hormones with regard to inhibition and stimulation of cyclic AMP.
  • Sir James Black

    Sir James Black
    Sir James Black- developed cimetidine , which became the world's 1st billion dollar drug.
  • Salary

    Salary
    In this year, the salary had ranged from around $30,000 per year, a drastic drop from what it is today (adjusted with inflation).
  • Salary

    Salary
    In this year, the annual salary was approx in the $60,000 range (adjusted wth inflation).
  • HIPAA

    HIPAA
    Health Insurnace Portability and Accountability Act was passeed by Congress. It provides the ability to transfer and continue health insruance coverage for millions of Americans and their families when they change or loose their jobs. It also aimed to protect the confidentiality and security of healthcare information.
  • Education before 1997

    Education before 1997
    Up until 1997, the field of pharmacology only required a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy , or otherwise known as "B.S.Pharm," for graduating pharmacy students.
  • Education in the 21st century.

    Education in the 21st century.
    Things changed in 2000, the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, or APCE, put in place new standards that would result in students that would graduate pharmacy school in 2003 or later, would need an entry-level degree of the doctorate in pharmacy due to the Medicare Modernization Act being passed in 2003.
  • Technological Advancements

    Technological Advancements
    Next-generation sequencing, desktop electron microscopy, gene therapy, and transational research.
  • Technological Advancments

    Technological Advancments
    The evolution of new technologies such as 3-D biological printing and ultra-high resolution analytical instruments,
  • Salary

    Salary
    In this year, the average annual salary for a pharmacist ranges from $110,141 to $136,226. The average among these wages amount to $123,114.
  • Education Requirements

    Education Requirements
    Must take classes including biology, chemistry, physics, anatomy and physiology that are in two year long pre-professional track.
  • Education Requirements

    Education Requirements
    Must take the Pharmacy College Admission Test and score high enough in order to qualify and get accepted into a Pharm. D. program.