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Drug use in sports was first recorded around 1890. Recipes were processed from coca leaves, the source of cocaine. Vin Mariani was the premiere recipe for French athletes and was later used in the United States under different names. (Image: "Vin Mariani", 1896.)
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Thomas Hicks used strychnine sulfate at the 1904 St. Louis Olympic Games to attain first place in the marathon. It became a common use for most athletes before the drug became prescribed in 1920. (Image: Sherman, Ross, "A Cheated History", 2007)
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The International Association of Athletics Federation was known as the first sports organization to prohibit doping by athletes. (Image: "IAAF Logo", 2000)
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Dr. John Ziegler introduced the anabolic steroid Dianabol which met FDA approval. It manipulated muscle-building properties of testosterone, but had negative health defects. (Image: Willis, Richard. "A Day In The Office", 1958)
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Modern-aged drug testing began during the 1983 Pan American Games and would set a landmark for American sports. A new method was developed for drug testing that resulted in many withdrawals from competition. (Image: "Pan Am Logo," 1983.)
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Ronald Reagan signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 which prohibited the use of non-medical steroids to excel performance. (Photograph, 1988.)
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Fay Vincent, former commissioner of MLB, sent a neglected, seven-paged note to all of MLB addressing the prohibition of illegal drug use. (Photograph, 1991)
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Former NFL defensive lineman Lyle Alzado died at 43. He believed that his disease came from his long use of steroids/HGH. (Image: Sports Illustrated, 1992)
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St. Louis slugger Mark McGwire admitted to using a steroid precursor in the beginning of the 1998 MLB season, where he broke Roger Maris' single-season record with 70 home runs. (Photograph, 2002.)
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For Sports Illustrated, Ken Caminiti revealed his steroid use during his 1996 season with the San Diego Padres. He then stated an estimate of half the league to be doping. (Photograph, 2000)
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After 5-7% players in MLB were tested positive for steroids after randomized testing, the league instituted penalties of counseling and suspensions. (Image: Zyglis, Adam, "Field of Bad Dreams", 2007)
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Federal law launched Operation Raw Deal which involved international trading of anabolic steroids and HGH. 143 federal search warrants occurred and 56 steroid labs (worth almost $7 million) were discovered, resulting in 124 arrests. (Photograph, 2007)
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San Francisco's federal jury accused Bonds for lying about his trainer Greg Anderson injecting steroids. Anderson was imprisoned for refusing to testify against Bonds. (Photograph, "Cheaters", 2007.)
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For Sports Illustrated, Alex Rodriguez revealed that he was tested positive for banned subtances in 2001-2003. (Image: Sports Illustrated, 2009)
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Armstrong was stripped of his 7 Tour de France titles after refusing to fight allegations of using performance enhancing drugs. (Photograph, "Winner of Seven", 2011)