History of Oceanography

  • Active

    Conducted By: James Alden
    Discoveries: First known deep sea canyon
    New technology: N/A
  • Corwin

    Conducted By: Louis F. de Pourtales
    Discoveries: Ocean life below 300 fathoms
    New technology: N/A
  • HMS Challenger

    Conducted By: British
    Discoveries: 4'000+ new species, Current patterns, Ocean temps and salinities
    New technology: Trolling nets (nets dragged behind boats to collects plants and animals), temperature probes (to collect data), gas measuring tools
  • USS Tuscarora

    Conducted By: Commander George Belknap
    Discoveries: Juan de Fuca Ridge, seamounts, the Aleutian Trench and Japan Trench
    New technology: Thomson sounding machine on a telegraph cable (to determin the depth of water)
  • Blake

    Conducted By: Charles D. Sigsbee
    Discoveries: N/A
    New technology: Sigsbee Sounding Machine (to more accurately measure water depth)
  • USS Stewart

    Conducted By: Dr. Harvey Hayes
    Discoveries: N/A
    New technology: Runs a line of soundings across the Atlantic Ocean (to measure depth)
  • Bathysphere

    Conducted By: William Beebe
    Discoveries: Many types of deep sea life
    New technology: Submersables (allows for underwater exploration)
  • Aqualung

    Conducted By: Jacques-Yves Costeau and Emile Gagnan
    Discoveries: Shallow water plants and animals
    New technology: Fully automatic compressed air Aqualung (allows humans to spend time under water)
  • HMS Lightning

    Conducted By: Wyville Thomson
    Discoveries: Life in the deep seas
    New technology: N/A
  • Alvin

    Conducted By: United States Navy
    Discoveries: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents
    New technology: N/A