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Compositions: Piano Sonata in C Major K. 159, L. 104. Scarlatti wrote many binary sonatas. B section will have a little quotation of the A section. This will develop into the ternary form and sonata-allegro form.
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Compositions: Sonata 3, E Major, H. 26. C.P.E. Bach didn’t care for his father’s style. C.P.E. Bach gave an example of Empfindsamkeit – violent articulation, agitated aesthetic.
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At Mannheim after 1741, wrote over 50 symphonies. • Static music and the only thing going on is a crescendo = called the Mannheim crescendo. Why does this matter? –virtuosity was demonstrated in dynamics at this time. See above.
• Mannheim rocket – affect, rapid melodic figure -
Called the "Enlightenment" - the natural consequence of the ideas that were fermenting in the Renaissance. Sturm und Drang, empfindsamer stil. Articulation of breat from the Church, non-god/anti-god movement. Guiding lights of the Enlightenmen were reason, nature and progress. A time when philosophy began to stress individuality. Freedom of speech and thought. America's Declaration of Independence (1776) & French Revolution (1790s)reflects Enlightenment doctrine.
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worked for Esterhazy family most of his career, where he composed, conducted, trained, supervised, and was instrument technician. Style- galant, empfindsamer, baroque counterpoint, later sturm und drang. Accomplishments-"Father of the Symphony", est. 4-mvt symphony
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Mozart toured throughout Europe (1762-1773), he was educated all over Europe. He met composers all over Europe, like J.C. Bach, and absorbed the composer styles into his own style. Marriage of Figaro (1786). Later in life he composed piano music - Sturm und Drang.
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Accomplishments- transition between classical and romantic era. Three style periods: to 1802, 1803-1816, 1816-1827. Haydn's student. Eroica Symphony debuted his extended form innovations, dramatization of themes, intense dynamics, expanded range, harmonic innovations, a look into the soul.
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German composer, conductor, pianist, critic and guitarrist. Opera- Der Freischutz
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39 operas, sacred music, chamber music, instrumental and piano works. Composition: The Barber of Seville
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Lieder - romantic, German art song, which is a two-edged sword: rugged individualism, solitary and lonely individualism, music as intellect vs. heart. increasing pianism, the accompaniment is part of the act. word painting and form painting. Winterreise (lied cycle) - deep emotional content, symbolic rhythms&forms
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didn't care about harmonic lang., melody and accomp., or tech. He wrote pure emotion, expanded the orchestral palette, frees up the possibilities of timbre usage. One of the first conductors, along with Mendelsohn. Directly influences Liszt & Wagner. Later influences Ravel&Debussy.Sinfoniia Fantastique 1830.
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one of the first conductors. contemporaries are Wagner and Liszt. wrote Songs Without Words. Brought Bach back.
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"The poet of the piano". Contributions: national dance types stylized into solo piano, increased chromaticism, etudes combine technical and artistic content (concert piece)
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was a music critic for Neue Zeitschrift für Musik. favored Mendelssohn and Chopin over Liszt and Berlioz (his contemp.s). Carnival, Op. 9-character piece & Papillions. Married his teacher's daughter. Dichterliebe-song cycle of lieds based off poems with same topic.
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Had melodies that did not end, propelled by ambiguity of harmonic structure. He developed the leitmotif. Opera - Tristan und Isold. Tristan chord - functions as dissonance instead of harmony, will lead to the wide idea of chromaticism.
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Italian composer, one of the most famous opera writers of the 19th century. La Traviata - it's a struggle when everyone in the 19th century is conflicted with TB...
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The first, truely Romantic, German opera - not a real-life drama, it is super-natural, fairy tale or from medieval history, there is an emphasis on wildness, as for music - German folk and folk-like melodies are used
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Influenced by Wagner. Composed in the Post-Wagnarian era. Compositions: Tales From the Vienna Woods
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Winterreise is published
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Classically driven: wrote chamber music. Considered musically conservative. Hungarian Dances.
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famous, super-star bel-canto singer. Other bel-canto figures: Amelita Galli-Curci, Luisa Tetrazzini, Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini
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Written by Hector Berlioz. Berlioz had an interest in new instruments, like saxophone family, layering instruments, combination of brass, loved using instruments in unorthodox settins.
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Part of The Five, which included: Rimsky-Korsakov, Musorgsky, Balakirev, Borodin, Cui.
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Love, lust, cut-through-the-heart emotions, new timbre combinations and real-life opera, and TB...
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More declamitory, more speechlike and more authentic in terms of drama. Pretty Woman and Moulin Rouge are updated versions of La Traviata.
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Late-Romantic, Austrain. Took the lieder and combined with tone poem. Is part of the 19th century orchestral music movement. Composed in the Post-Wagnarian era.
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One of the most influential composers of all time. Disowned the idea of classical structure...cause ain't nobody got time fo that. A symbolist composer who wrote piano and orchestral music. Saw Gamalan music at the Worlds Fair in 1889. Used oriental sounds to connect Eastern Asian culture to Western culture.
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Influenced by Wagner. Composed in the Post-Wagnarian era. Opera: Der Rosenkavalier, bel canto His harmonic language is non-resolving, chromatic, swirling. Orchestration is bright with high winds and strings.
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provided direct influence to Mahler and Strauss
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Austraian composer, student of Schoenberg, who created 12-tone technique. This will later develope into total-serealism. Used 12-tone in much of his works
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Paris, France.
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Use of electronic tonalities, all about faith in progress. Audiences have become too lazy and comfortable. Romantic music was too lazy and comfortable. Bring on the dissonance. Composers: Hindemith, Bartok, Ives, Webern, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Webern, Messiaen & Boulez (Serialism-arranging all elements of music in series, not just pitches).
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American Post-Modern composer, theorist, painter. Compositions: 4'33"
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Post-Modern composer, minimalism music. Contemporaries include Phillip Glass
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Reactions against Modernism. Modernism is about faith in progress, using electronic tonalities. Post-Modernism includes minimalism and some kind of rapid-pulse, pepetitive, stead-state, meditative texture...
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