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Gregorian chant is called like this because of him
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Between the 7 and 9 centuries the Roman Catholic church copiled its liturgical playsongs. Gregorian chant main characteristics:
Monophonic texture, modal scales with out any metre, text in Latin with religious theme, male voices(solist or choires) https://youtu.be/lfwuZaf6WXw
Example of a gregorian chant -
They were written on top of the words to show the changes of pitch, neumatic notational system was used on a four line steve.
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On the 9 century and second voice was added to plainsongs. Three types :
Organum: main voice Gregorian melody second parallel.
Discantus:main voice Gregorian melody second contrary motion.
Conductus:two or four voices.Same text was sung by all with same rythm in the syllabic style. -
Generally passed orally. Main characteristics
Monophonic texture,modal scales, fun and entertaiment,vernacular language, male and female voices.
Ministrels people who played it.Some were acrobats, mime artists, reciters and musicians. -
Famous collection of Goliards.
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Goliards were wandering clerics or mendicant students, poetry in Latin wich was often satirical or critical of the church.
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Is a flat sound box with strings on it . W e pluck the strings with our fingers or strike them with a mallet.
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Existed on the Middle Ages. In the Renaissance, this form became more important
https://youtu.be/MxJFMBv4Ibo -
Long composition with liturgical texts, written in Latin. Based on the fixed parts of the religious ceremony.
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Most common musical form in the protestant liturgy. Existing melodies sung in the vernacular with a simplest texture
https://youtu.be/Eo8_-Uo4Is8 -
Dominant form in Europe. Originated in Italy Described feelings trough the union of msic and text, written in vernacular.
https://youtu.be/4PDhMqboQCU -
In England numerous songs for one voicewith instrumental accompainent were written.
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Several voices and instrumental accompianent
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Based on popular poetic ballards that told true and fictional stories
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Named from tunes that peasants sang in villages
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Combination of different forms
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Instrumentalist that accompained vocal pieces used these as a base for instrumental works(tiento)
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Composers started to write down brief improvised pieces(toccata)
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Exposition of short musical theme followed by some variations(diferencias)
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Technical developments, first virtuososand birth of orcestra.
Cordophones: https://youtu.be/t82NPmghKfc?t=2
Violin,viola,cello,double bass.
Aerophones: https://youtu.be/9s2GxdT7E_w
Flute,oboe,basson,trumpet.
Membraphones: https://youtu.be/xu7oIz6jVPQ
Kettledrums. -
Fugue
https://youtu.be/ho9rZjlsyYY
Suite
https://youtu.be/2CM_J3r-Nt4
Sonata
https://youtu.be/4Tr0otuiQuU
Cocerto
-Concerto grosso https://youtu.be/RydMnTCwJvQ
-Solo concerto https://youtu.be/N-mA9OMP3DE -
Libretto
https://youtu.be/8M5YeZIg71U
Opera seria
https://youtu.be/Z0evKSG3-SI
Opera buffa
https://youtu.be/aiNDcJ7x30w -
Cantata
https://youtu.be/qI3CFEs8Mc0
Oratorio
https://youtu.be/98UjjwzJBFE
Passion
https://youtu.be/eU6QEklM4SA -
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WOODWIND:
Bass clarinet:https://youtu.be/jSZtX3WHF_E
Contrabasson:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omkW2jVJrEk
English horn:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HhrxVx1Ztc
Saxophone:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3_tw44QsZQ
BRASS:
Trombonehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OttfOXsP2M
Tuba:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laUNhhph3yc -
PERCUSSION:
Bass drum:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci48L1RZokU
Snare drum:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkqsXWg9Gao
Cymbals:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrQDMmAN3_o
Gong:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFhVkzuo89A
Marimba: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jh39-4el-YY
Celesta:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faHXQugcz9A -
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Lyrical and theatrical musical form
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6dfOUg9zEc -
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Characteristics:
1) Free from Classical period
2) Aiming for virtuosity
3) Making the melody an important mean of expression
4) Wider vocabulary
5) Melody dominated homophony
6) Aiming for unity -
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Generación del 27:
-Joaquin Rodrigo: https://youtu.be/ye-FvKCZp3s
-Federico Mompou: https://youtu.be/Vxuv_g5vE1o -
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Impressionism:https://youtu.be/eYOeH-EF00s
Expressionism:https://youtu.be/QNCIz-_QFrs
Atonality:https://youtu.be/JEY9lmCZbIc
Twelve-tone technique:https://youtu.be/YifVP91wPiI
neoclassicism:https://youtu.be/LRpQtotn41c -
Theremin:https://youtu.be/K6KbEnGnymk
Ondes Martenot:https://youtu.be/v0aflcF0-ys
Synthesiser:https://youtu.be/3sXdYXYI_ZI
Sampler:https://youtu.be/7OSyEJs_Zkg
Vibraphone:https://youtu.be/Igbpx26YE3k -
Aleatoric music:https://youtu.be/JTEFKFiXSx4
Musique concrète:https://youtu.be/c4ea0sBrw6M
Electronic:https://youtu.be/oQs8Zz-Jj50
Electroacoustic:https://youtu.be/IlCzN6UJ4EM
Minimal:https://youtu.be/f1CNNf9iU9Y?list=PLCJ96FurPOpOBITt3UUS1nY2z2mwqvvny -
Generación del 51:
-Luis de Pablo: https://youtu.be/AiV7IWz_CsA
-Cristóbal Halffter: https://youtu.be/VKyKWUMYJ9c
