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The Civil Rights Act
The civil rights movement/act brought new interest in studying multicultural education. It also brought attention to ethnic studies/relations and discrimination. The Civil Rights Act banned discrimination based on race/ethnicity, color, religion, and gender. -
Immigration Act
Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Immigration Act in 1965 which abolished the National Origins Formula. The National Origins Formula restricted immigration for certain countries. The Immigration Act allowed for American classrooms to be more diverse and multicultural. Asian and Latin Americans populations in the U.S. began to rise. -
Case of Lau v. Nichols/The Equal Educational Opportunities Act
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the failure of the San Francisco School District to provide English language instruction to Chinese-American students was a violation of the Civil Rights Act. The case then lead to the Equal Educational Opportunities Act that requires school districts to provide equal opportunities for all students, regardless of ethnicity. Those who do not speak English or are limited need to have an equal education. -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)
This act requires a free, public education, is suited to the student's individual needs and offered in the lest restrictive setting be provided for all disabled/handicapped children. This requires equality for handicapped individuals within the educational system. -
The Refugee Act
The Refugee Act of 1980 was signed by Jimmy Carter. This act allowed refugees into the country for humanitarian reasons and brought in roughly 3 million refugees. The expansion of cultures in the U.S. grew. -
The Immigration and Nationality Act
This act increased the annual immigration to 700,000. The increased immigration to the United States created more diversity within the nation and education. The law provided family-sponsored visas and employment-based visas. This increased multiculturalism within the U.S. -
Improving America's Schools Act (IASA)
This act increased funding for bilingual and immigrant education. It also includes provisions for public charter schools, drop-out prevention, and education technology. The act provided the education system to be more equal in treatment to different ethnicities and cultures. -
Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action
James Banks wrote a book called Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action. This book contributes to the further discussion of multicultural education and multiculturalism in the nation. It takes a further look into the nation's history with immigration and freedom. -
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
This prohibits states offering higher education benefit based on in-state tuition to undocumented immigrants unless the benefit is available to any U.S. citizen. This act is striving for equal treatment in education systems for immigrants/other ethnicities. -
The Civil Rights Project, Brown at 60: Great Progress, a Long Retreat and an Uncertain Future.
This project shows that there is a decline in white students and a large increase in Latino students in America. It also shows there is a growth of segregation by both race and poverty within the educational system, particularly among Latinos.
