History of Inclusion

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  • Itard and Seguin

    Late 18th to mid 19th century. Systematic educative procedures for the hardest to teach children.

  • Gallaudet

    First American residential school for students who were deaf.

  • Howe

    First residential school for students who were blind.

  • Normalization and Deinstitutionalization of people with disabilities

    20th Century. Breaking down barriers to participation in society.

  • Beginning of the Inclusion

    20th Century to current day. Integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms

  • Founding of Other Organizations, such as Special Olympics (Shriver)

    20th Century. Advocacy for caring and fair treatment of individuals with disabilities.

  • Council for Exceptional Children Founded by Ferrell and Other Teachers

    Development of special education as a profession.

  • Organization of Parent Groups

    Firs started in the 1950's. Provided support, information, and structure for obtaining resources.

  • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

    In Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the United States Supreme Court declared that separate public schools for African American and white students were unconstitutional. This court case ruling allowed for parents of students with disabilities to contend their students were not receiving adequate education as well.

  • Students w/ Mild Disabilities Mainstreamed with Students w/o Disabilities

    In 1968 students with mild disabilities were mainstreamed with students without disabilities. Students with disabilities were simply "visiting" the general education classes to learn social skills, but were not apart of regular instruction.

  • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

    Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against peoples with disabilities. Section 504 is intended for students who do not qualify for IDEA services, but do have disability.

  • Education for All Handicapped Children Act, PL 94-142

    The original Act and its amendments ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public education.

  • Beginning of the Inclusion Movement

  • Introduction of Regular Education Initiative (REI)

    In October of 1986 the Regular Education Initiative (REI) was introduced. The initiative suggested integrating special education and regular education into the same classroom, but with appropriate support for the students with disabilities.

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

    The original Act and its amendments ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public education

  • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

    Ensures the right to nondiscriminatory treatment in other aspects of life; a civil rights law.

  • No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

    21st Century. “Standards-based” reform, consequences to special ed.

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

    The original Act and its amendments ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public education.