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Period: 100 BCE to 100 BCE
THE ORIGEN (THE INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY TREE)
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to western and southern Eurasia. It comprises most of the languages of Europe together with those of the northern Indian subcontinent and the Iranian Plateau. Some European languages of this family, such as English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutch, and Spanish, have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several continents. -
100
Arrival of the Romans to the Iberian Peninsula
The languages of the Romans were Latin, which Virgil highlighted as a source of Roman unity and tradition. Although Latin was the primary language in the courts and public administration of the Western Empire and in the army of the entire empire, it was not imposed. Imperio romano. (2021, 15 de noviembre). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 21:10, noviembre 17, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperio_romano&oldid=139742979. -
300
The Celts arrive.
Derive from a set of dialects of Proto-Indo-European, a language that chronologically occupies an intermediate position within the Indo-European family. From the common features of Celtic languages, through the methods of historical linguistics, it has been reconstructed from Proto-Celtic. Celta. (2021, 27 de octubre). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 21:15, noviembre 17, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celta&oldid=139321016. -
Period: 400 to 1100
THE OLD ENGLISH
Old English (Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. -
450
Angles, Saxons, Jutes:
During the fifth century AD Britain ceased to be part of the Roman Empire and became a group of small warring territories, from which eventually developed the medieval kingdoms of England, Scotland and Wales. https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/anglo-saxon-migrations -
500
Anglo-Saxon Language
Old English is also known as Anglo-Saxon, which is derived from the names of two Germanic tribes that invaded England during the 5th century. The most famous work in ancient English literature is the epic poem "Beowulf". https://www.greelane.com/es/humanidades/ingl%c3%a9s/old-english-anglo-saxon- -
597
Cristianity.
Kent was probably chosen because Æthelberht had married a Christian princess, Bertha, daughter of Charibert I the King of Paris, who was expected to exert some influence over her husband. Before reaching Kent. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 30). Augustine of Canterbury. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:39, November 18, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Augustine_of_Canterbury&oldid=1047322746 -
597
Alphabet
The Latin alphabet introduced by Irish Christian missionaries[2] from around the 8th century. This was replaced by Insular script, a cursive and pointed version of the half-uncial script. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, October 28). Old English Latin alphabet. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:03, November 18, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_English_Latin_alphabet&oldid=1052367866 -
597
Beginning of Christian Conversion
Christianity conversion beginning in late antiquity in the Roman Empire and continuing through the Late Middle Ages in Europe. Outside of Europe, the process was significantly halted by the parallel process of Islamisation, beginning in Arabia and the Near East. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, November 15). Christianization. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:11, November 18, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christianization&oldid=1055366007 -
700
Romance languages
Romance languages, "Romance languages" or "Neo-Latin languages", are modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the 6th and 9th centuries, forming a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family. --Source: https://www.lhistoria.com/universal/lenguas-romances -
878
The Viking Invacion.
The Viking invasions and subsequent colonisation of the British Isles influenced the evolution of the English language and vocabulary quite considerably. https://www.ipl.org/essay/Viking-Invasion-Influence-On-English-Language-FK6EJK3RCED6#:~:text=The%20Viking%20invasions%20and%20subsequent%20colonisation%20of%20the%20British%20Isles%20influenced%20the%20evolution%20of%20the%20English%20language%20and%20vocabulary%20quite%20considerably.%20Even%20in%20modern%20times%2C -
900
Germanic languages in the United Kingdom
The Germanic languages are a subgroup of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily by the Germanic peoples. All derive from a common ancestor, traditionally called the Proto-Germanic language. The first documented Germanic language is Gothic. Lenguas germánicas. (2021, 14 de mayo). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 21:46, noviembre 17, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_germ%C3%A1nicas&oldid=135530327. -
Period: 1100 to 1500
THE MIDDLE ENGLISH
The English language underwent distinct variations and developments following the Old English period. Scholarly opinion varies, but the Oxford English Dictionary specifies the period when Middle English was spoken as being from 1150 to 1500.[2] This stage of the development of the English language roughly followed the High to the Late Middle Ages. -
1154
French (Anglo-Norman) Influence
Though the great mass of ordinary people spoke Middle English, French, because of its prestigious status, spread as a second language, encouraged by its long-standing use in the school system as a medium of instruction through which Latin was taught. In the courts, the members of the jury, who represented the population, had to know French in order to understand the plea of the lawyer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language#:~:text=Though%20the%20great,of%20the%20lawyer. -
1200
Birth of English Literature
Texts in Middle English (as opposed to French or Latin) begin as a trickle in the 13th Century, with works such as the debate poem “The Owl and the Nightingale” (probably composed around 1200) and the long historical poem known as Layamon's “Brut” (from around the same period). https://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_middle.html -
1204
Uncontrolled of the Duchy of Normandy
Depending on classification, either a French dialect or a Romance language which can be classified as one of the Oïl languages along with French, Picard and Walloon. The name "Norman French". Wikipedia contributors. (2021, November 11). Norman language. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:22, November 18, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman_language&oldid=1054668095 -
1215
The Magna Carta ("Great Charter")
The original letters were written on parchment sheets using bird feathers, strictly abbreviated in medieval Latin, which at that time was the conventional wording of legal documents. Carta Magna. (2021, 3 de noviembre). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 23:27, noviembre 18, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carta_Magna&oldid=139477987. -
1258
The Provisions of Oxford
The Provisions of Oxford were created in 1258 by a group of barons led by Simon de Montfort. The provisions forced Henry III to accept a new form of government. Written confirmations of the Provisions of Oxford were sent to sheriffs in all of the contemporary counties of England. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/originsofparliament/birthofparliament/overview/simondemontfort/provisionsoxford/ -
1349
The Black Death
These French nobles, despite forming an isolated society within a society by intermarrying with one another and thus keeping the noble lands and noble language French, exerted tremendous influence on English society at-large. https://hekint.org/2020/07/06/plague-epidemics-and-the-evolution-of-language-in-england/ -
1362
The Statute of Pleading
We can begin with English, of which, surprisingly, there is the least to be said, that is not, of course, because English lawyers did not speak their own language. https://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/wp-content/uploads/pdf/5850855-43.Baker.pdf -
1384
Wycliffe's Bible
These Bible translations were the chief inspiration and chief cause of the Lollard movement, a pre-Reformation movement that rejected many of the distinctive teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, October 9). Wycliffe's Bible. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:02, November 19, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wycliffe%27s_Bible&oldid=1049080865 -
1400
The Great Vowel Shift.
was a series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place primarily between 1400 and 1700, beginning in southern England and today having influenced effectively all dialects of English. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 26). Great Vowel Shift. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:30, November 19, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Vowel_Shift&oldid=1046664494 -
1500
Early Modern English
Early Modern English is said to span roughly the years from 1500 until 1800. This period is termed the Renaissance. The language of this Elizabethan age is much more closely related to our modern English today than, say, the language of Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales. https://www.myenglishlanguage.com › history-of-english -
1500
English Renaissance
Was a cultural and artistic movement in England from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that is usually regarded as beginning in Italy in the late 14th century. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 31). English Renaissance. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:16, November 19, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Renaissance&oldid=1041539460 -
Period: 1500 to
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH
Early Modern English or Early New English (sometimes abbreviated EModE, EMnE, or EME) is the stage of the English language from the beginning of the Tudor period to the English Interregnum and Restoration, or from the transition from Middle English, in the late 15th century, to the transition to Modern English, in the mid-to-late 17th century. -
1526
The Bible
William Tyndale (born between 1495 and 1536 in the county of Gloucestershire, England) was an English Protestant who made the first translation of the Bible into English, from the Hebrew and Greek texts.
William Tyndale. (2021, 13 de julio). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 00:37, noviembre 19, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tyndale&oldid=136980537. -
1539
“The Great Bible” published
Was the first authorised edition of the Bible in English, authorised by King Henry VIII of England to be read aloud in the church services of the Church of England. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 5). Great Bible. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:19, November 19, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Bible&oldid=1037313838 -
Francisco Sanchez and the Rationalist Linguistics in his work the Minerva.
In this search for rational schemes, he transcends the borders of the Latin language. It thus constitutes a very important milestone for the Port Royal Grammar and for Noam Chomsky's Generative Grammar. Francisco Sánchez de las Brozas. (2021, 22 de junio). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 15:35, noviembre 18, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_S%C3%A1nchez_de_las_Brozas&oldid=136508178. -
The Castilian language of Sebastian de Covarrubias appears.
Was to elaborate an etymological dictionary that would investigate the origin of the voices of Spanish. The model was the Etymologiae, by San Isidoro de Sevilla, who had done the same with Latin. Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española. (2021, 2 de noviembre). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 15:42, noviembre 18, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesoro_de_la_lengua_castellana_o_espa%C3%B1ola&oldid=139446502. -
Period: to
LATE MODERN ENGLISH
Accumulated many more words as a result of two main historical factors: the Industrial Revolution, which necessitated new words for things and ideas that had not previously existed; and the rise of the British Empire, during which time English adopted many foreign words and made them its own. -
Sir William Jones and The Sanskrit.
he observe that Sanskrit had a systematic affinity with Greek, Latin and English and that despite its antiquity it has an admirable structure. http://milenio.uprb.edu/Milenio1999/17Alers99.pdf -
The Oxford English Dictionary
Is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP). It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers, as well as describing usage in its many variations throughout the world. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, November 19). Oxford English Dictionary. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:38, November 19, 2021, -
World War II ends.
The story of English—from its start in a jumble of West Germanic dialects to its role today as a global language—is both fascinating and complex. This timeline offers a glimpse at some of the key events that helped to shape the English language over the past 1,500 years. https://www.thoughtco.com/events-history-of-the-english-language-1692746 -
Canada officially becomes bilingual
he Official Languages Act (1969) is the federal statute that made English and French the official languages of Canada. It requires all federal institutions to provide services in English or French on request Laurendeau, Paul. "Official Languages Act (1969)". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 17 May 2019, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/official-languages-act-1969. Accessed 19 November 2021. -
David Crystal publishes The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language.
This comprehensive encyclopedia is 506 pages long, includes a preface, an introductory chapter and 24 more chapters distributed in six parts concerning different topics: the history of English, its vocabulary, grammar, spoken and written varieties, use and language acquisition. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of English Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2019.ISBN: 978-1-108-42359-5, Price: 36 €, 506 pages -
The fifth volume (SI-Z) of the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE ) is published by Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
With this fifth volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, readers now have the full panoply of American regional vocabulary, from Adam's housecat to Zydeco. Like the first four volumes, the fifth is filled with words that reflect our origins, migrations, ethnicities, and neighborhoods. -
Period: to
English Nowadays.
Nowadays, more and more people are dedicating time to studying English as a second language. Many countries include English in their school syllabus and children are starting to learn English at a younger and younger age. -
People Studies English
English has become the universal language with English being the most widely spoken language in the world. For this reason, thousands of people decide to study English as a second language since having a good knowledge and understanding of English will only bring you advantages both on a personal and professional level.
