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Scored in a standard and consistent manner to make it possible to compare performances of students and groups of students.
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This closes the achievement gap. This is designed to improve students achievements. There were too many students being left behind and there needed to be a change.
http://www2.ed.gov/nclb/overview/intro/index.html
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Opportunity scholarships are state funded scholarships that pay for students to attend a private school instead of a public school.
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Ronald Regan came out with a declaration to help education in America.
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The government finally provided funding for elementary and secondary education.
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Government ruled separate white and black schools as unconstitutional. The court ruled that "separate but equal" public schools were no longer constitutional. They integrated school after this was decided.
http://www.civilrights.org/education/brown/
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The NAACP brings a series of suits over unequal teachers' pay for Blacks and whites in southern states. At the same time, southern states realize they are losing African American labor to the northern cities. These two sources of pressure resulted in some increase of spending on Black schools in the South.
https://www.naacp.org
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The U.S. Supreme Court requires California to extend public education to the children of Chinese immigrants.
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African Americans mobilize to bring public education to the South for the first time. After the Civil War, and with the legal end of slavery, African Americans in the South make alliances with white Republicans to push for many political changes, including for the first time rewriting state constitutions to guarantee free public education.http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/02/promise-of-integrated-schools/462681/
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Horace Mann becomes head of the newly formed Massachusetts State Board of Education
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First public high school in the U.S., Boston English, opens.
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Pennsylvania state constitution calls for free public education but only for poor children. It is expected that rich people will pay for their children's schooling.
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State of Massachusetts passes first its compulsory education law. The goal is to make sure that the children of poor immigrants get "civilized" and learn obedience and restraint, so they make good workers and don't contribute to social upheaval.
http://education.findlaw.com/education-options/compulsory-education-laws-background.html
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Provided funding to improve American schools to promote postsecondary education.
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IDEA was an act that was created to provide students with disabilities the same opportunity in education as those without a disability.
