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No schools developed
In Massachusetts there are no schools, but there is a law that parents are required to teach their children, or a master has to teach their apprentice.
In 1647 a law is made where towns with 50+ households have toneed a teacher to teach reading and writing. Towns with 100+ households have to have a rammar school.
These laws started to spread throughout the colonies and paved the way for the creation of schools. -
MOST IMPORTANT "Bill for the More Gerneral Diffusion of Knowledge"
A Bill for the More General Diffusion of KnowledgeDrafted in 1778
Provided for the establishment of a system of public schools that would provide the masses with a basic education necessary to ensure good government, public safety, and happiness.
3 years of schooling were guaranteed.
School would be paid for by the governent.
The most able students would be able to go into higher education with scholarships.
This bill was not passed because the wealthy did not want to pay for the poor to go to school. -
(Froebel 1782-1852)
Created what is now known as Kindergarten
Froebel focused on early childhood development
He liked spontaneous activities involving movement.
He was one of the first people to acknowledge the importance of learning in early childhood. -
MOST IMPORTANT - The Bible Riots
The Bible RiotsPeople rioted over the Bible being taught in schools.
They mostly didn't like it because in different areas there were different teachings slanted towards whatever religion wasn't liked in that area. Mainly the Irish Catholics were upset about how they were portrayed in the teachings. The whole ordeal paved the way for the creation of the seperation between church and state. Shortly after the Bible riots Catholic schools were created. In Catholic schools the lessons could be religion oriented. -
Petition
90 African Americans signed a petition to stop segregated schools, and allow children to attend schools in the ditricts where they lived.
At that time black children had to travel to the very few black schools available.
No action was taken after the petition had been submitted.
This was an indication of the termoil involved before Sarah Roberts' case in Boston. -
Horace Mann
Horace Mann was the first to be elected into the position of the Secretary of Education. He travelled from district to district and discovered he was highly disappointed in the conditions of the schools. He wanted to change the public schools into something that students would want to go to. He created a reform were schools would be free of charge and funded by the government, and they would be high quality. -
MOST IMPORTANT - Population Booming
History if the United StatesThe United States population tripled in size since colonization.
This created a need for better education, and secondary schools.
Because there is such a large population being created, schools are filled to the brim. In New York, many schools had to have part-time students in order to have room for all of the students. And still there is half of the population that is not even attending school; they are working in factories. This all created a push towards school reformation. -
MOST IMPORTANT - Committee of Ten
WikipediaA working group of educators
Recommended standardizing a curriculum for secondary schools.
They thought there should be a criteria for what should be taught, and when.
Possible one of the first arguments for standardized education.
No action was taken after the petition was submitted
Paved the way for arguments in the future. -
Dewey created a laboratory school at the University of Chicago
John Dewey took the work or Francis W Parker about progressive schools, but was able to back up the ideas with studies and intellect. Dewey believed in child-centered learning where the child's social, emotional, and physical learning needs were met as well as the intelectual needs. He did not want students to just memorize things. -
Child Labor
In 1910 there were an estimated 2 million children working, mainly in factories, across the United States. Becuase of this there was only a 50% enrollment for children in schools. Because so many children were working long hours in horrible conditions, and missing out on education, laws were created against child labor. -
MOST IMPORTANT - World War I
Multiple Choice HistoryWith the beginning of World War I there was a need to quickly determine which men were suited for the army. They had to be able to test a mass amount of men in a short amount of time to be able to figure out which men were fit to be there, and where to place them. We still see the multiple choice test format in education today; even though it's a test that has many disadvantages. We still use it because it's cheap, fast, and easy. Though it's interesting to think that it all began during WWI. -
World War II
Education during WWIIWith World War II the country's economy started to recover, due to the needs to supply the war effort. Although the economy was imporving schools took a big hit. Many teachers left their positions in order to fight in the war, students weren't enrolling in school, money was being taken away from funding education and was being used in the war effort. Schools were dominated by the war, and education started to become a second thought -
National Defense Education Act
After the launch of Sputnik, the United States suddently realized that ther were losing the Cold War technological, and military races against the Soviet Union. This became the motivation for the Nationalal Defense Education Act (NDEA). This act directed federal funding to specific curricular areas such as math, science, and foreign languages. It set the state for government involvement in education. -
War on Poverty
After WWII many people were living in dire poverty. Lyndon B Johnson saw the awful conditions that much of the nation was living in and declared a War on Poverty. Federal legilation was passed to subsidize low-income housing, improve health care, expand welfare services, provide job retraining, undertake regional planning in depressed areas, and improve inner-city schools. Education was a major factor in the elimination of poverty; schooling would break the cycle of poverty. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
NCLB act has had its positive and negative points. It's positive because it created a standard of what children should be learning, and allows for some children to not be left behind other students or other schools. The negative I see that it is possible for students to be held back because they are waiting for the lower students to catch up. It's a system that works for those who are needing help in their education.
