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Northwest Land Ordinance
In an effort to consolidate schools and make education mandatory, Congress enacted the Land Ordinance of 1785. This ordinance set aside what was known as Section Sixteen in every township in the new Western Territory for the maintenance of public schools. It also allotted section number 29 for the purpose of religion and no more than two townships for a University. The separation of church and state was visible by now with the two entities being in different areas. -
Common School Movement
This was the transition of school becoming a resource for everyone instead of just the wealthy people. The movement allowed for people reguardelss of their status to be able to learn and contribute to society. It was decided that school should be free and public in order to help people achieve high academic standards. -
Committee of Ten VERY IMPORTANT
The Committee of Ten was a group of educators that put standardization in high schools into practice in 1892. This was helpful because it allowed for students from all around the country to be on the same level of learning as their peers. To resolve these issues, the National Education Association formed The 1892 Committee of Ten. The committee was largely composed of representatives of higher education. Its subgroups, consisting of eight to ten members each. -
The Progressive Reform Movement
This is the transition to more modern ways of educating which contrasts to the traditional European style of teaching that was largely based on social class. In this movement, an emphasis was based on teaching by doing instead of lecturing. This provided students with the tools they needed to succeed long after they had finished the course. -
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Secondary School Movement
The secondary school movement is a term used to describe the era from 1910 to 1940 during which high schools sprouted across the US. During this early part of the 20th century, American youth entered high schools at a rapid rate, mainly due to the building of new schools and acquired skills for life rather than for college. In 1910 19% of 15- to 18-year-olds were enrolled in a high school; barely 9% of all American 18-year-olds graduated. By 1940 73% of teengagers were enrolled in high school. -
The Impact of World War II
At the end of WWII, there were some acts passed that contributed to education. One of the most important results of the war was the GI Bill of Rights. More than 1 million black men had served in the military during World War II and these men shared in eligibility for educational benefits, which included tuition payments and a stipend for up to four years of college or other training. -
The Impact of John Dewey
Dewey's pragmatic and democratic approach to schooling may not stand out as radical today, but in the early and mid-1900s his view of education was in contradiction to much of the then-present system of schooling. Dewey's approach was truly child-centered. A child-centered approach to education places the emphasis of learning on the needs and interests of the child. In Dewey's view, children should be allowed to explore their environments. -
Brown vs Board of Education VERY IMPORTANT
This was the US Supreme Court case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. The Warren Court's came to a unanimous decision which stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." This is important because it is the reason we have equal schools today. -
Sputnik and NDEA VERY IMPORTANT
Sputnik woke the nation up, serving as a “focusing event” that put a spotlight on a national problem. In this case, the problem was education. Congress responded a year later with the National Defense Education Act, which increased funding for education at all levels, including low-interest student loans to college students, with the focus on scientific and technical education. This is important because it still affects today how much people pay for college. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act VERY IMPORTANT
This act funds education and attempts to bridge the gap in acheivement of students by giving them equal opportunities to learn. This is important since it directly correlates to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This is still used today to allow students to make the most out of their educational opportunities. Funds are distributed for instructional materials and as a resource to support educational materials. This funding largely helps out low income families; it is vital to student success -
The Civil Rights Movement
This is one of the most influential movements in the history of the United States. It allowed for students of all ethnic backgrounds to have equal opportunities in education. Some children were automatically discriminated against because of the color of their skin and it was hard for them to recieve the same instruction and teaching as other kids. This movement changed the way the world viewed education and it broke many societal norms. -
The Measurement Movement
This was a movement that is somewhat similar to standardization in the way that the objective is to try and find out what the student knows. Educational testing had recieved a bad reputation and this movement shifted that. The goal of measurement is not to have teachers teach for a test but to allow their students to explore new ways of solving probelms. -
Individuals with Disabilites in Education Act VERY IMPORTANT
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities. -
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The Standards Movement
This is one of the most prominant movements in modern days that has helped schools understand what standards should be met. Students are expected to know a certain number of things and it is the same all across the nation. The three basic types of standrds are categorized by being academic, content standards, or performance standards. -
No Child Left Behind Act VERY IMPORTANT
This is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged students. NCLB supports standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education. This is important because it allows children to get the education they deserve reguardless of their circumastances.
