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Education in the Colonial Period
Puritans started the first formal school: the Roxbury Latin school. It was a free school. Four years later the first college was introduced. -
Thomas Jefferson's Impact
Proposed a bill for general diffusion of knowledge. He wanted public schools to become the "keystone in the arch of our government." -
Northwest Land Ordinance, 1785
It set up system where settlers could buy farmland in the undeveloped west. It established a mechanism for funding public education. -
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John Dewey
The father of progressive education. Believed in educating the whole child, and children learn by doing. -
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Population Growth and Immigration in the 1900s
3 million children immigrated to the U.S. causing a huge increase in the amount of students in the classroom. Most of kids didn't attend school because they were required to apply, and others decided working in factories was better because of the poor conditions of the schools. -
Gary Plan
Industrial education: various classes were introduced to schools. Students began to learn different trades in order to enter the workforce. -
Public High School: 1920ish
The invention of public high school became a huge stepping stone for college. Vocational classes were also introduced. -
Brown vs Board of Educatioin
*MOST IMPORTANT The supreme court ruled that separate schools were not equal. Segregation was no longer allowed and schools, by mandate, to integrate schools. The impact from this ruling changed America. Whites and blacks were now educated together. This event started a chain effect for ALL students to be equally educated.
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NDEA: National Defense Education Act
Because legislation decided we were behind the times (Sputnik), they created NDEA. NDEA gave federal funding for science and math classes in schools. -
ESEA: Elementary & Secondary Education Act
This act gave federal money to schools to help disadvantaged students in rural areas. Also created different programs such as Title I. -
IDEA: Individual with Disabilities Education Act
*MOST IMPORTANT Students with disabilities attend mainstream school. They also receive accommodations. Before IDEA, students with disabilities didn't really attend school, now they can. Because of IDEA, these students receive an education although a heavy burden is placed on schools to pay for the majority of the expenses.
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NAR: Nation at Risk
*MOST IMPORTANT Linked to the essentialist philosophy. Education is being undermined by "...a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens are very future". Beginning of higher standards and high stakes testing. This has impacted education because we now have longer school days and years, test anxiety, and money spent on standardized testing when it could be spent somewhere else in the schools.
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NCLB: No Child Left Behind
*MOST IMPORTANT By 2014 all students will be at grade level across all subjects. If schools didn't meet this standard, they were labeled as a "failing school". This act pressurized standardized testing, creating a low moral for those teachers and students not reaching the unrealistic standard. No child was supposed to be left behind, but in reality many were.
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RTTT: Race to the Top
States competing against each other for federal funding. Unequal distribution of federal funds. Different states were favored by legislation. -
ESSA: Every Students Succeeds Act
*MOST IMPORTANT
ESSA is the new NCLB. It's goal is to create equal opportunity for all students in education. The new act requires that steps are taken to improve schools, reduce the burden of testing, and preparing students for college and/or career. This will replace NCLB which will take some of the burden of teachers and schools.
http://www.ed.gov/ESSA
