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Education in the Coloniol Period
Women and those who were able, would be allowed to go to school for three years. Thomas Jefferson believed that the smart children would get scholarships to go to universities and then serve the country as he had done. Black slaves would go to a school to learn how to sew, and hidden under the fabric would be a textbook. The state took better care of their live stalk than their children and education. -
First Education Laws: Massachusetts
In 1642 Massachusetts passed the first education law stating that all children must be taught to read and write. Due to parent negligence the state passed another law in 1647 stating that all towns create and maintain public schools. Although these school districts were publicly funded, they weren't free. Students would have to pay part of tuition, bringing supplies such as wood, or bring a host for the school teacher. Even with these laws, poor children still had to be taught at home. -
The Northwest Ordinance
This document allowed other states to join the union. The document included a bill of rights for the new states after they joined. There was a three stage process before you could be admitted into the union. There could also only be three to five states in a division of the northwest territory. -
Common Schools
href='http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/publication/2008/04/20080423212501eaifas0.8516133.html#axzz3mObtTbd9' Horace Mann was an advocate for commons schools which were free for the rich and the poor. This would allow poor children proper education and lure higher off students away from private schools. These schools would teach a common body of knowledge, creating an opportunity for every student an equal chance in life. I feel this is one of the most important events in educational history because of this event every child in the country no matter their socioeconomic status can attend school. -
Fredrick Douglas
Fredrick was a slave who was taught how to read the bible by his masters wife. He used this skill to teach himself how to read and write. When he was sixteen he taught other slaves how to read and write so they could forge their own passes and escape to freedom. He was a consistant advocate for ending slavery. -
Sarah Roberts and the first legal case concerning integration
href='https://www.masshist.org/longroad/02education/roberts.htm' Sarah Roberts was a five year old African American girl who had to enroll in an all black school after being rejected from five all white schools that were closer to home. After the rejections Sarah's father decided to sue the state of Boston. Although they lost the case, this was a big breakthrough for ending segregation, making it one of the most important educational events. Even aside from education, this shows people that you need to stand up for what is morally right. -
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Progressive Reform Movement
Led by John Dewey, who is called the father of progressive of education, wanted classrooms to become democracies. With classrooms becoming democracies, this would create a good society. These advocates wanted more creativity, emotional and artistic points brought up as opposed to intelligence tests. Their views were more child centered. -
The Gary Plan
This is also called the "work-study-play" plan which was influenced by John Dewey and Fredrick Taylor. Students would be split into different groups, one group would do academic classes while another did art and physical education. These classes would also teach subjects to help students in occupations and everyday life. They would rotate through these different classes throughout the day. This made the school system more efficient. -
Civil Rights Movement
href='http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil-rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/education-and-civil-rights/' Although schools were initially desegregated in 1945 due to the Brown vs. Board of Education case, not all schools integrated. People still believed that blacks weren't intelligent enough to get an education, or that an educated boy could become a danger. Some African Americans didn't feel comfortable with integration, they felt that they would still be segregated and suffer consequences. Through time more and more school integrated, one of the most important events is the civil rights movement. -
Impact of WW2
Due to the baby boom, the amount of school aged children increased, which created a higher increase for teachers and facilities. For a while teachers didn't even need training to teach because the demand was so high. After Sputnik was launched they made the education system more rigorous by adding emphasis to math and science. That cost a lot of money for the government for the educational reform. -
Brown vs. The Board of Education
href='http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html' Oliver Brown, whose child was one of the students denied the priviledge of going to Topeka's white school, filed a claim against the Topeka School Board. The claim was that the segregation of the schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. Once the courts found that the segregated school weren't actually equal, they ordered the states to integrate. This is another event that is one of the most important. It was the breakthrough to integrating and equal education. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This act allowed students who came from low income homes to get more education services than those who came from wealthier homes. The hope was that with the millions of dollars they're investing in this program, more will be returned as the dropouts become graduates. This act was amended and came out with the Bilingual Education Act, allowing aid to go to school to assist in helping students who didn't speak English well. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
ref='http://www.ncld.org/action-center/learn-the-law/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea/'The education for all handicapped children act supported states in protecting the rights and meeting the individual needs for students with disabilities. This helped to identify and educate these students with those needs. in 1968 there became authorized programs for early intervention with infants and toddlers. This most important event opened the gate of opportunity for even more children to get an education. This act is still in place today and utilized very well. -
A Nation At Risk
It was seen that the educational system lost sight of the basic purpose of schooling and high expections. Due to this others were matching or surpassing our education attainments. One of the tools suggested to reform education was voluntary efforts to strengthen education through individuals, businesses, and parents groups. To help this reform there also needed to be a public's commitment. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This requires schools to assess students in their basic skills. Although states develop their own standards, in order to recieve funding, schools have to test at select grade levels. It is meant to close student achievment gaps by providing fair education to all students. Four pillars are emphasized with this bill: accountability, flexibility, research-based education, parent options.
