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Impact of Harace Mann
Father of the common school. Spearheaded the Common School Movement, which made it possible for all children to receive a basic education payed for by local taxes. Pushed for Normal Schools to be created. -
Population Growth and Immigration in the 19th century
Millions of immigrants. Benjamin Rush (Pennsylvania) pushed for public schools for all children. Lead to the extension of the “common school”. Opposition for public funding for Catholic schools. All children mixed together and taught Americanization and basic education skills. -
Progressive Reform Movement: MOST IMPORTANT http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2336/Progressive-Education.html
John Dewey. Teach the whole child (mental, physical, emotional, intellectual education). Students learn by doing (projects, hands on). This has greatly influenced our education system today because we still believe in Dewey’s principles of teaching the whole child. We are also getting back to having the kids “do” what they are learning and helping them connect it to real life situations instead of just having them memorize and recite everything they learn back to us. -
Measurement Movement
Different theories of what intelligence was and what the best way to measure it is. Consisted of IQ testing, the normal “g”, and long term and short term assessments. -
Secondary School Movement
High schools were built across the country and allowed for students to continue their education in life skills rather than for college. Helped the economy. More high school graduates than ever before. -
Impact of WWII
Post war baby boom increased amount of school children. GI Bill was passed, which provided returning veterans to attend college. There were no more rural schools. Bigger and better schools were built to take on the new load of students. -
Brown vs. Board: MOST IMPORTANT
“Separate but equal” schools deemed unconstitutional. Pushed for integration in all schools. Led to more educational opportunities for all minority students. Really got the Civil Rights Movement started. Still affects us today because our schools are desegregated and everyone has the right to education no matter their circumstances.
http://www.civilrights.org/education/brown/referrer=https://www.google.com/ -
Civil Rights Movement: MOST IMPORTANT http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil-rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/education-and-civil-rights/
Segregation and racism were the worst in housing and education. “Jim Crow” laws were all over education in the South. Facilities and resources were much more inadequate for blacks than they were for whites. Civil rights movement led to all these things being slowly but surely fixed. It has led to a much better America in general, but it has led to all educational opportunities being opened for ALL students no matter what. -
Sputnik and NDEA
After the Soviet Union sent Sputnik in to space, Eisenhower pushed for better education in America. Provided funding that would improve schools and push for more college and postsecondary education. We now needed to compete against other countries in science, math, and technology. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act: MOST IMPORTANT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act
Expansion of the federal government in the classroom. More federal funding for schools in poorer areas. Allowed Title I schools to develop new programs for their students. It also helped with the continuing desegregation of Southern schools, and gave money to schools for library and textbook materials. This is still in effect today and it helps a lot of less fortunate kids get a fair and equal education and gives them access to things they otherwise wouldn’t be exposed to. LBJ signed. -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
Promised a free, specialized educational opportunity in the least restrictive way possible. Government said they would help with the increased cost, but they have never lived up to their promise. -
Nation at Risk
Retraction of federal funds to schools. Mediocrity was going to destroy our future as a nation and the schools were blamed for this mediocrity. Higher standards, longer days, longer years, and higher stakes testing were put into place to correct everything. Everything was back to the basics to make sure we didn’t fall behind. -
School Choice Movement
Programs and education that are offered to students and their families as an alternative to public provided schools that are determined by where you live. Scholarships, private, charter schools. All paid for by private or non-profit organizations. -
No Child Left Behind: MOST IMPORTANT http://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html
Put a lot more emphasis on testing. Funding was connected to the outcomes of the tests. It still affects us today because we’re just starting to get out of it with the ESSA. It makes teachers forget about actual learning and forces them to teach towards the test instead of what the kids should actually be learning. It is going to take us a while to get away from that thinking and get back into teaching the correct way and not being so worried about test scores. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Equal opportunity for all students. Goes back to the ESEA. Student performance marks are set by the states instead of having an overall, unrealistic federal standard. More evaluations on teachers instead of basing their credibility on test scores.
