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Based on church
General court in Massachusetts says that for every fifty families in a town there should be a school. This was created in regards to the puritan children. They had a school and a latin school in which they would practice their beliefs. -
18th-19th Century
Education was created based off of the intellectual culture of enlightenment. This system of education was based in a different age in which as long as you went to school for long enough you would get a good job and make money. Since the system was set up for kids to go to college obviously the less wealthy could not go to college. Therefore the system was created against them. -
Reform Schools
Reform school is created to send kids there who do not attend school. Creates a mix of the juvenile system and school. First created in Massachusetts. -
Off reservation schools
Congress decides it is illegal for native children to be taught their language. Soon after Native American kids are taken to off reservation schools run by white people to "Americanize" and "Christianize" them. The children are also exploited for labor. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Louisiana created the Separate Car Act, which made black people and white people have to ride on separate transportation. Homer Plessy challenged the act. He went and sat in a white only car at the train station and ended up getting arrested. His lawyers said that what the Act violated the 13th and 14th amendment. The justice said that they did not apply to African Americans because they were inferior, therefore Plessy was convicted. -
Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka
African American students were denied admittance to an education institution because of the color of their skin. Mrs. brown Sued the Board of education of Topeka and won. This ended "separate but equal education" because it was pretty unequal. The court argued that the 14th amendment protected their education and that segregation would only slow down African American children's education and would create a sense of inferiority. -
Title IX
Title IX protects anyone regardless of their sex from being discriminated from activities that are publicly funded. This includes schools. Any institution that receives federal funding must opt out of any discrimination, this includes but is not limited to admissions, counseling, financial aid, treatment of LGBTQI+ students and even employment. Violations of Title IX include retaliation or interfering with their rights secured by Title IX. -
Education of all Handicap children
This act Guaranteed free public education with little to no restrictions to every child with a disability. This includes any child from ages 3 to 21. This act made school more accessible to disabled students. It also made schools take care of education programs to fit a students needs (IEP). Finally it required schools to treat handicap students equally with little to no restrictions to limit the isolation of this population. -
Pyler v. Doe
Texas was withholding funding from schools who took in immigrant children. So certain schools started charging tuition, which most immigrants could not pay due to their low income jobs, farming. A case was built and the court ruled that any and all children have access to a public education because they were protected under the 14th amendment. -
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
A student was accused of smoking marijuana in the bathroom, she then was charged and a family court called T.L.O. a delinquent. When it was brought up to the supreme court because she was searched and felt that her rights her violated. The supreme court's holding was that students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school. -
Santa Fe independent school district v. Doe
Students at a Texas high school would say a prayer over their schools loud speaker system. Three students sued the school because not allowing them to was a violation of their first amendment. the court ruled that because it was a school owned loud speaker system it was not allowed even if it was student led. -
Grutter v. Bollinger
Barbara Grutter was denied admission into the University of Michigan Law school. She said that her admission was denied because the school wanted more diverse students and that it was a violation of her Equal Protection rights. The court ruled that colleges and universities have a legitimate reason to promote diversity. -
Roper v. Simmons
Matthew Simmons was sentenced to death following a murder he convicted at 17 years of age. The supreme court ruled that it was cruel and unusual to execute a person under the age of 18. It was considered a violation of the eighth amendment.