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First Education Laws
Massachusetts Law of 1642 saw if parents and masters were actually providing education for their children. Education Law ordered every township of 50 households to provide a teacher to teach reading and writing. -
The Impact of Jefferson, Rush, & Webster:
Benjamin Rush advocated for the education of Blacks and women. Noah Webster was the author of textbook “Elementary Spelling Book” and Jefferson passed a bill where the people paid for education through taxes. -
The Impact of Horace Mann: (MOST IMPORTANT)
He's known as the “father of American Education”, and started first state board of education in 1837. As a result of his efforts, 50 new secondary schools were built, textbooks was improved, and teachers’ salaries in Massachusetts were raised more than 50%.This event was important to education because he was able to help build new schools. This impacts us today because we still have state boards where we can meet the needs of students. Link text -
The first legal case concerning integration and Sarah Roberts (MOST IMPORTANT)
Benjamin Roberts tried to enroll his daughter in a white school but was denied because of race.He sued & the judge ruled against Sarah.The 1st law to band school segregation was enforced in MA.It's important because he was one of the 1st African Americans to sue the government.It's still impacting education today because we don’t segregate based on race & it helped prepare a way for the civil rights movement[Link text]http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/roberts-vs-city-boston-begins) -
Population Growth and Immigration in the 19th century
US population went from 13 million to 32 million and 4 million came from immigration. Because of the growth in cities, there was more of a necessity to prepare the students be ready to work in factories. -
Frederick Douglas’s Role in Education
Frederick encouraged the Black community to stop segratation in the schools in order to provide equal opportunities for all. The school board observed a classroom after nearly 90 people came to protest, but the board did nothing. -
Committee of Ten
In 1892, committee of representatives of higher education tried to standardize the curriculum for the nation, which Charles Eliot was the head of the committee. The Committee would recommend an intro to the basic subjects and uniform subject matter. -
The Gary Plan
In Gary, Indiana the school system adapted a Work, Study, Play Model, where students were offered different subjects (like sewing and woodwork). Even though it was effective to provide an alternative for students, after the presidential elections it was banned to a more traditional approach -
The Progressive Reform Movement
In 1910, 2 million children were working and not going to school in America. Some people wanted to have state laws to banned child labor and require school attendance. -
Brown vs. Board of Education, 1954 (MOST IMPORTANT)
In 1950,13 black parents tried to enroll their children into white schools.After being turned down they went to the Supreme Court to debate.The decision was announced in May 1954 that banned any school segregation based on race.The event is important because school segregation was banned & it gave more opportunities to the black communities.It impacts education because we accept all people.Link text -
The Impact of the Civil Rights Movement
In 1957, 9 Black students tried to integrate into Little Rock Central High School where Federal troops came to enforce the law. Integration was dependent on Black students willing to take the first step and try to integrate into the schools. -
The Impact of the War on Poverty (MOST IMPORTANT)
President Johnson signed Civil Rights Act of 1964. He created federal programs aimed to help disadvantaged students. This event is important because it enforced the civil rights movement and got more schools to accept all races. If the schools wanted to get federal funding they were required to not segregate.It is still impacting education today because we don’t discriminate based on race.Link text -
School Choice Movement: Charter Schools, Vouchers
In 1974, educators in East Harlem had asked their best teachers to create small alternative public schools within existing buildings. In the end smaller more personalize schools in East Harlem were doing better than other part of the district. -
A Nation at Risk Report, 1983: (MOST IMPORTANT)
A report was given to President Reagan stating that the poor quality of education in its schools was placing the nation itself at risk.Higher standards were required to graduate for students.This is important because the country saw the need to improve education.In return it pushed the students & teachers to do better.It's still impacting education today because teachers inspire their students to be ready for the future.Link text -
No Child Left Behind, 2001
President Bush passed a law in January 2002 where it increase the federal role in holding the schools responsible for their students’ academic progress. States were required to bring all of their student to proficient level or be at risk to losing Title I money.
