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Italian mathematician Galileo Galilei perfects his compound microscope invention and catalogs his observations of insects and the stunning geometric patterns found on their eyes.
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Englishman Robert Hooke uses his compound microscope to make diagrams of dead cork cells. He called them cellulae, meaning "little room".
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In 1674, Dutch Antony van Leeuwenhoek discovered "animacules" and was the first to witness many organisms in the Archae and Protista domains.
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Scottish biologists Robert Brown notes the opaque part of a cell and names it the nucleus.
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German botanist Matthias Schleiden proposed that each individual cell develops individually either though it might be part of another animal.
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German zoologist Theodor Schwann agreed with Schleiden that cells develop individually. The myelinated portion of a neuron cell is named after him.
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German physiologist Rudolf Virchow concludes that every existing cell comes from another previously existing cell after observing mitosis and cytokinesis.