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460 BCE
Leucippus
Leucippus is credited by Aristotle and Theophrastus with the creation of the theory of atomism. His theory stated that matter is homogeneous but consists of an infinite amount of small indivisible particles. These atoms are constantly in motion, and through their collisions and regroupings form various compounds. A cosmos is formed by the collision of atoms that gather together into a “whirl,” and the drum-shaped Earth is located in the centre of man’s cosmos. -
400 BCE
Democritus
Democritus was Greek philosopher and was known for being a central figure in the making of the atomic theory of universe and philosophical atomism. He said that all material things are made out of atoms. He came up the idea of calling atoms atoms, called them atomos which means atoms. He did not perform experiments. First person to suggest the present of atoms and named them atomos. -
384 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle was one of the greatest philosophers that ever lived and the first honest scientist in history. He invented the field of formal logic and he recognized the many scientific disciplines and explored their relationships. He did not believe everything was made up of atoms. He thought everything was made up of fire, water, earth, or air. -
400
Alchemy Start
Alchemy is a form of a thought that tried to transform base metals, for example lead or copper, into silver or gold. They wanted to do this to discover a cure for diseases and a way to extend life. There are three types of alchemy, which are Chinese alchemy, Middle Eastern alchemy, and European alchemy. -
1493
Paracelsus
Paracelsus was a German-Swiss physician and alchemist. He established the role of chemistry in medicine. He published Der grossen Wundartzney, Great Surgery Book, in 1536. As well as in 1530 he published a clinical description of syphilis. -
1494
George Bauer
George Bauer was a German scholar and scientist. He was known as the father of mineralogy. He was among the first people to found a natural science upon observation and not upon speculation, like others. His book De re metallica dealt mostly with the arts of mining. His book De natura fossilium is considered the first mineralogy textbook, presented the first scientific classification of minerals and described many new minerals, their occurrence and mutual relationships. -
Alchemy End
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Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher and theological writer. He was a preeminent figure of 17th-century intellectual culture. He was best known as a natural philosopher, mostly in the field of chemistry. His scientific work covered many areas including hydrostatics, physics, medicine, earth sciences, natural history, and alchemy. -
Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier was known as the father of modern chemistry. He did not have a lot of money and hung out with people who did because of this he got beheaded during the French Revolution. He created the law of conservation of mass. The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. -
Amedeo Avogadro
Amedeo Avogadro was an Italian mathematical physicist. He created a scientific law that has became known as Avogadro’s law. In this he showed that under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain an equal number of molecules. -
Joseph Gay-Lussac
Joseph Gay-Lussac was a French chemist and physicist. He pioneered investigations into the behaviour of gases. As well as he established new techniques for analysis. He also made notable advances in applied chemistry. -
Jons Jakob Berzelius
Jons Jakob Berzelius was one of the founders of modern chemistry. Some things he is noted for his determination of atomic weights, the development of modern chemical symbols, and his electrochemical theory. He is also noted for the discovery and isolation of several elements, the development of classical analytical techniques, and his investigation of isomerism and catalysis. -
Joseph Proust
Joseph Proust was a French chemist, who proved that the relative quantities of any given pure chemical compound’s constituent elements remain invariant, regardless of the compound’s source.
He created the law of definite proportions. The law of definite proportions says the proportion by mass of the element in a given compound is always the same. -
John Dalton
John Dalton created the first atomic theory. Which said all matter is made of atoms, atoms of the same element are the same, atoms of different elements are different, atoms chemically combine in whole number ratios to form compounds, and atoms are indivisible. He also created the law of multiple proportions which says masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of another element will form simple whole numbers ratios. He came up with the Billiard Ball Model, first model of the atom. -
Billiard Ball Model
Created by John Dalton -
Henri Becquerel
Henri Becquerel was a French physicist. He discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. In 1903 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie. He made three more major contributions which were he measured the deflection of beta particles, the circumstance that the allegedly active substance in uranium, and the physiological effect of the radiation. -
Max Planck
Max Planck was a German theoretical physicist who originated quantum theory, which won him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918. He made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his main contribution rests primarily on his role as originator of the quantum theory. This theory revolutionized our understanding of atomic and subatomic processes, just as Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. -
Robert Millikan
Robert Millikan was an American physicist. He was honoured with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for his study of the elementary electronic charge and the photoelectric effect. He did the Oil Drop Experiment. In this experiment he calculated the charge of electrons. -
J.J. Thomson
J.J. Thomson was an English physicist who helped revolutionize the knowledge of atomic structure by his discovery of the electron in 1897. He did an experiment using the Cathode Ray Tube which helped him to discover the electron. He also created the plum pudding model of the atom. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1906 and was knighted in 1908. -
Plum Pudding Model
Created by J.J. Thomson -
Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who is generally regarded as one of the most important physicists of the 20th century. He was the first person to apply the quantum concept to the problem of atomic and molecular structure. For that work he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. His manifold roles in the origins and development of quantum physics may be his most-important contribution. He also created the Bohr model of the atom. -
Erwin Schrodinger
Erwin Schrodinger was an Austrian theoretical physicist who contributed to the wave theory of matter. He also contributed to other fundamentals of quantum mechanics. In 1933 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics, which he shared with British physicist P.A.M. Dirac. He was awarded his Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory. Created the electron cloud model of the atom. -
Electron Cloud
Created by Erwin Schrodinger -
Arthur Compton
Arthur Compton was an American physicist and joint winner, with C.T.R. Wilson of England, of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927 for his discovery and explanation of the change in the wavelength of X rays when they collide with electrons in metals. This is called the Compton effect and is caused by the transfer of energy from a photon to an electron. Its discovery in 1922 confirmed the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation as both a wave and a particle. -
Louis de Broglie
Louis de Broglie was a French physicist best known for his research on quantum theory. He was also best known for predicting the wave nature of electrons. In 1929 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. He developed his revolutionary theory of electron waves. His proposal answered a question that had been raised by calculations of the motion of electrons within the atom. Experiments had indicated that the electron must move around a nucleus and that there are restrictions on its motion. -
Werner Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg was a German physicist and philosopher. In 1925 he discovered a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices. Since he made this discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. In 1927 he published his uncertainty principle, which he built his philosophy on and he is best known for this principle. -
Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand-born British physicist. Rutherford was the central figure in the study of radioactivity, and with his concept of the nuclear atom he led the exploration of nuclear physics. He performed the gold foil experiment, in which three things happened: most alpha went straight through, atoms are mostly empty space; some were slightly deflected, small and dense in center of atom nucleus; some alpha were deflected straight back, positive charge in the nucleus, protons. -
Ernest Rutherford's Atomic Model
Created by Ernest Rutherford -
Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann is an American physicist. In 1969 he won of the Nobel Prize for Physics. Won it for his work pertaining to the classification of subatomic particles; for example protons, neutrons, and electrons; and their interactions. He first started his research with proposing ideas about classification. -
Peter Higgs
Peter Higgs is a British physicist who was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize for Physics for proposing the existence of the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson is a subatomic particle that is the carrier particle of a field that endows all elementary particles with mass through its interactions with them. He shared the prize with Belgian physicist François Englert. -
Carlo Rubbia
Carlo Rubbia is an Italian physicist, in 1984 he got the Nobel Prize for Physics,with Simon van der Meer, for the discovery of the massive, short-lived subatomic W particle and Z particle. These particles are the carriers of the weak force involved in the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. Their existence confirms the validity of the electroweak theory, proposed in the 1970s, that the weak force and electromagnetism are different manifestations of a single basic kind of physical interaction.
