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Copernicus was an Italian astronomer and mathmatician. He created the first geometric proof for the heliocentric theory.
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Brahe was a Danish astronomer that measured the exact location of over 300 objects in the sky every night for years.
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Galileo Galilei was the first to use a toy meant to see far distances to observe space by pointeding it to the sky. This allowed common people to have access to astronomy and paved the way for many important discoveries.
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While assisting th Danishh astronomer Tycho Brahe on his island, Johannes Kepler used math to create three accurate laws of planetary motion that mached Brahes data.0000
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Newton was an English phisisist known for "Newtons Laws of Motion" which explained gravity. He also invented calculus.
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Albert Einstein created the General Theory of Relitivitay in 1916 inproving upon Newtons laws.
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In Harlow Shapley estimated the aproximent size of the Milky Way.
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Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who disconered in 1924 that the universe is expending.