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Period: 322 to
384-322 B.C.
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345
345-550 A.D.
In this time, St. Augustine states that deaf children are god's way of getting back at their parents for their sins.
Monks also took vows of silence, and used their own signs for communication. -
Period: 345 to 550
345-550 A.D.
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Mar 31, 1500
1500's
During this period, deaf education started to develop when Geronmio Cardano tried to teach his deaf son to communicate usuing a code of written symbols.
Pedro Ponce de Leon taught deaf people how to speak, which inspired Juan Pablo Bonet to write the first book of manual signs that is known (1620) -
Period: to
Martha's Vineyard
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Martha's Vineyard: 1690-1800
25% of the population in Martha's Vineyard, MA, consisted of Deaf people. In this small town, they created their own version of sign language, and since a lot of people were deaf, many of the town meetings were signed. -
1700's
During this time period, Charles Michel De L'Eppe established the first free deaf public school, through a series of standardized signs, which were used for communication. On top of that accomplishment, he also found a shelter for the homeless deaf population in Paris, and published a dictionary of French Sign Language in 1788. -
1817-Gallaudet
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, traveled to Europe to gather information and ways of communication for the deaf to help out a neighbor who had a deaf daughter. While there, he met Abbe Sicard, author of 'Theorie des Signes', and was also introduced to Laurent Clerc, a deaf teacher. Clerc and Gallaudet traveleld back to the US, and together opened the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, CT, with Gallaudet as principal and Clerc as head teacher. -
1864- Gallaudet College
Gallaudet College was opened in Washington D.C., originally called 'The National College for the Deaf and Dumb. It was the only acredited school to offer college degrees to deaf people and students in America. The first preident was Gallaudet's son, Edward Minor Gallaudet. -
1870's-Alexander Graham Bell
In 1872, Bell, born hearing to deaf parents, opened a school in Boston, MA, promoting and concentration on oral deaf education. His school was not successful, so he gave up and went along to invent the telephone. After inventing it, being rich and famous, he was wealthy enough to open the 'Volta Bureau', which promoted oral education for deaf children, and was the start of the back lash against Sign Language. -
1880-Milan Conference
The Milan conference was held in order to endorse oral education for deaf students, and was attended by deaf educators all over the world. They discussed methods of communication for the deaf other than sign language and other manual ways. The overall vote was for deaf students to be taught orally, with the USA being the only counrtry opposed t it. -
1880's-NAD
In the US, around the time of the Milan Conference, the National Association of the Deaf (NAD), was foundede and gained suport in response to the Milan Conference and its resolution. NAD was, and still is, an important part of keeping ASL and manual forms of communication available today. -
1892-Hearing Aids
In 1892, Alexander Graham Bell invented the first electrical hearing aid, which was carbon based (microphones). It was huge, and powered by 3 and 6 volt batteries. The hearing aid gave deaf people, mainly hard of hearing, the experience and oppurtunity to hear limited amounts of sound for the first time. Bell never did get a patent for them, though. -
1910's-1950's
During the different war periods, the employment for deaf people skyrocketed. Since they weren't allowed to serve in the military because they were deaf, they were able to take over different jobs at manufacturing factories, etc., in place of the men who were off at war. Many new deaf communites became popular during this time, and deaf people in Europe were able to serve in their military by using and receiving signs from the captains. -
Period: to
Gallaudet Football
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1911-Deaf Baseball Player
William "Dummy" Hoy became the first deaf baseball player when he played for the Cincinatti Reds. He was the one who started the development of the hand signlas umpires use today in baseball. The umpires/coaches used hand signals, which let him know what the call was from the outfirld. -
1920's-Gallaudet Football
The football team at Gallaudet started the huddles that football teams do before and during each game. They would get into little huddles in order to prevent the other teams from seeing the signs they used to talk about their upcoming plays. Other teams began to follow in their footsteps, and it became a tradition that is still around today. -
1964-TTY invented
The TTY was invented by Robert Weitbrecht. It is a device that served the purpose of a telephone for deaf people, by allowing conversations to be typed out and sent to the ther phone, and vis versa. It was like an early form of texting. -
1964-Oral Education
Oral deaf education failed in the US. The congress said that oral-deaf education was a "dismal failure", and the deaf communit was thrilled by this decision. -
1970's-Mainstreaming and Communication
Total communication, which is a combination of manual and speech based education for the deaf, is developed. It was created in the 1960's by a mom who wasn't satisfied with the oral based education that her daughter was receiving. This was the catalyst for the new approach to deaf education. -
1972-Closed Captioning
Closed captioning was introduced for television programs. "The French Chef was the first program to ever use it.
CC was only available if the person had a decoding device for the TV, and in 1993, Federal Communications Commision (FCC), required that all maufactured TV's from that point on had to have a decoding chip. -
1973-Rehabilitation Act of 1973
The Rehabilitaion Act of 1973 required that the disabled people be given and equal oppurtuninty, and equal access to use organization resources that are under federal contract.
It alse required that accomidations be made for the blind and wheelchari bound, as well as the deaf being provided with TTYs and interpreters. -
1975
In 1975, Public Law 94-142, was passed. It states, "Handicapped children in the USA are to be provided with free education that mets their needs. They [will] receive special instruction, but do and can interact with the general population." -
1985-Cochlear Implants
The cochlear implant, a device that sends electrical impulses straight to the auditory nerve to be interpreted as sound, is approved for those older than 18. The C.I. doesn't give deaf people a full ability to hear, but it does give them a representation of sound. -
1987-Oscars
Marlee Matlin became the first deaf person to ever win an Oscar for her role as Sarah Norman in 'Chldren of a Lesser God.' -
1988-Deaf President Now
In 1988, the students and faculty of Gallaudet University hold a protest that continues on for a week, conatiaing multiple rallies, press conferences, and more,all to get them a deaf president of their school. After 8 days of protests, King Jordan becomes the school's first deaf president. -
1988-ASL
Congress officially states that ASL is the primary language of the deaf, bumping English to be second. -
1990-ADA Passed
The Americans with Disabilities Act is signed into law by President Bush. The ADA says that no one is allowed to discriminate against any handicapped people, which opened may areas for better communication, employment,education, and much for Deaf people.
Around the same time, it is said that caption chips are required in all TV sets larger than 13 inches. -
1995-Deaf Ms. America
In 1995, the first ever Deaf Ms. America is crowned. Her name is Heather Whitestone, originally from Birmingham,AL. She is orally deaf, and said in a speech that, "[speech] worked for me, but does not work for all deaf children." -
384-322 B.C.
During this time, Aristole says that "Deaf people cannot be educted [because] without hearing, people can't learn."
Because of this, the deaf son of King Croesus was not allowed to be recognized as the heir to the thrown.
