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Northwest Land Ordinance
Several ordinances enacted by the U.S. Congress for the purpose of establishing orderly and equitable procedures for the settlement and political incorporation of the Northwest Territory. -
The Impact of Horace Mann (MOST IMPORTANT)
Horace Mann is best known for his policy on compulsory education, free elementary school education for all. well known for the founding of "normal" schools to prepare elementary teachers, often a one or two-year course of training after grade 10 or so. Lead the Common School Movement. https://www.nas.org/articles/ask_a_scholar_what_impact_did_horace_mann_have_on_american_public_education -
Common Schools
Public, or free, schools and pauper schools and that such schools were only for children of the poor, long hampered the acceptance of the idea that publicly supported schools could and should exist for all children, regardless of social class, gender, religion, ethnicity, or country of origin. -
The Impact of John Dewey
John Dewey is nothing less than a rock star of modern education. His ideas and approaches to schooling were revolutionary ideas during his lifetime and remain fundamentally important to modern schooling today. -
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Population Growth and Immigration in the 19th century
The introduction of new immigrants and the growth of large urban areas allowed previously localized diseases to spread quickly and infect larger populations. Towns grew into cities as industrialization sparked urban migration from rural communities in both the United States and Europe. The increased demand for cheap housing by urban migrants led to poorly built homes that inadequately provided for personal hygiene. -
Committee of Ten
Working group of educators in 1892, recommended the standardization of American high school curriculum. -
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The Progressive Reform Movement
The main objective of the Progressive movement was eliminating corruption in government. The movement primarily targeted political machines and their bosses -
The Measurement Movement
Without being able to measure someones IQ, everyone would be in the same category. Kids with special needs and retardations would not get the help they needed. And kids that have an insanely intelligent brain would be bored and most likely cause trouble because they were ahead and needed to move on faster than normal students. -
The Impact of WW2 (MOST IMPORTANT)
The aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of the old great powers and the rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA), creating a bipolar world. After US and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in what became known as the Cold War. At the end of the war, millions of people were homeless. http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/effectww2.html -
Brown vs. Board of Education (MOST IMPORTANT)
Landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. Brown claimed that Topeka's racial segregation violated the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause because the city's black and white schools were not equal to each other and never could be. Because of this case many African American teachers lost their jobs. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html -
Sputnik and NDEA (MOST IMPORTANT)
In 1957 the Soviet Union shocked the people of the United States by successfully launching the first Earth orbiting satellite, Sputnik. During the Cold War, Americans until that moment had felt protected by their technological superiority. Suddenly the nation found itself lagging behind the Russians in the Space Race, and Americans worried that their educational system was not producing enough scientists and engineers. http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/ -
The Civil Rights Movement & The War on Poverty
The Civil Rights Movement made the nation address the growing problem of poverty in America. -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
A four part piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is tailored to their individual needs. -
A Nation at Risk Report
According to the report, American schools were getting worse: test scores were falling, millions of Americans were illiterate, and our teachers weren't educated enough or paid enough. As the title of the report suggested, the entire nation was at risk of falling apart because our education was subpar. Other countries could swoop in and pass us in science, technology, and other areas where we had been the world leader. -
No Child Left Behind (MOST IMPORTANT)
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Under the 2002 law, states are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school. http://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html
