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Evolution of artificial neurons by Warren McCulloch, an American neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and cybernetic, and Walter Pitts , an American logical and cognitive scientist.
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Donald Hebb, a Canadian psychologist, demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the connection strength between neurons. His rule is now called Hebbian learning.
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Turing machine, the Alan Turing was an English matician mathematician and who pioneered Machine Learning in 1950. He proposed a test, known as the Turing test or the Imitation Game, that can check the machines’ ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence,
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Allen Newell, an American computer science researcher and congnitive psychologist, and Herbert A. Simon, an American economist, created the first artificial intelligence program named “Logic Theorist” “. This program had proved 38 of 52 Mathematics theorems and find found new and more elegant proofs for some theorems.
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At the Dartmouth conference, the word “Artificial Intelligence” was first adopted by American computer scientist John McCarthy
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Joseph Weizenbaum created the First Chatbot, named Eliza, that is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages.
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The first intelligent humanoid Robot WABOT-1 was built in Japan.
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First AI winter. This is the time period where computer scientists dealt with a severe shortage of funding from the government for AI researches. During that period an interest of publicity on artificial intelligence was decreased.
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Expert Systems prolifered. An expert system is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence technologies to simulate the judgment and behavior of a human aimed to solve complex problems
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Another Period of reduced funding and interest in AI caused by the high cost of the XCON expert system and the low profit and resulting lack of commercial results. Again Investors and government stopped in funding for AI research as due to high cost but not efficient result. The expert system such as XCON was very cost effective.
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IBM Deep Blue was the first computer to beat a world chess champion, that beat Gary Kasparov.
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The vacuum cleaner(Roomba) does housework and was manufactured and sold by iRobot and launched in 2002.
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Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI.
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IBM’ s Watson, won a the Jeopardy quiz show. Watson was able to solve complex questions as well as riddles as well as understand natural language.
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Google has launched an Android app feature "Google now", which was able to provide information to the user as a prediction .
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Chatbot Eugene Goostman, passed the “Turing test”
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Amazon Echo is a personal assistant created by Amazon. It has the ability to interact by voice, play music, create task lists, set alarms, provide information on traffic, temperature, among other information, in addition to controlling intelligent and connected systems and devices.
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The "Project Debater" from IBM is the first AI system that can debate with humans on complex topics. It is able to take part in a full live debate with expert human debaters.
