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This project was performed from 1854 to 1858 by the Atlantic Telegraph Company, created in 1856 by an investor and two engineers. The construction of the cable was lead by Cyrus West Field. This made it possible to send commercial messages so that business and trade would be quicker. It connected Britain with the United States, and what before took 10 days to send by ship, "now" took from hours to a few days. Although it wasn't reliable enough, the time it worked sent more than 700 messages. -
This was a book published in London on 24 November 1859. It's author was Charles Darwin, a well-known naturalist. This book is considered the one that boost his fame. Here, he proposed it's theory of evolution by means of natural selection, as it exposed that human were result of evolution from animals rather than fate and purpose of God. However, the first reaction of some scientists and religious was very negative. It's the basis of current Genetics. -
This was a the first volume (from of three) published in 1867 in Berlin by the German economist and philosopher Karl Marx. It mainly exposes and explains an economic theory that affects Politics as it alters the role of the government in economy, the Capitalism. It considers the private ownership of the means of production and the existence of a free market where there is a freedom to exchange private property without government interference. This helped to understand some aspects of economy. -
It took place the 17 November 1869 in Egypt. The Suez Canal connected Britain and India shortening its distances. As there was an unique commercial route from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, there was a great transformation on international shipping. At first it was a huge investment, but then it reduced many operating costs. -
This invention was patented by the Scottish scientist and inventor Alexander Graham Bell on 7 March 1876.
It consisted on a mechamism that used sound and transformed it into electrical signals by using some chemical reactions and a battery. This allowed the first intenlligible messages to be delivered. Contrasting with the telegraph used before. Then, instantaneous exchange of information between two different points began. -
The inventon of the first high resistance, incandescent electric and practical light was made by Thomas Edison; an American scientific and inventor. This was in 1879, in New Jersey. The lamp tasted a few hours until getting burnt. After many improvements, a better one, was patented on January 27 1880. It changed completely the use of artificial light in a more practical way, as before were used oil lamps (could provoke respiratory problems). -
The 15 November 1884, in Berlin, a meeting between European powers (Great Britain, France, Italy, etc.) took place. It's main aim was to solve some problems about imperialism over African colonies and regulate political rivaldries that caused in Europe. It was met during the "Scamble for Africa"; and regulated this aspects and trade with Africa by signing treaties. There was also another meeting the 26 February 1885. By 1902 almost all the continent was under European control. -
Patented by the German engineer Karl Benz in January 29, 1886. This invention, also known as the "motorwagen" was the first automobile with an internal combustion engine, it was three-wheeled (horseless carriage), two-seated and gasoline powered. This type of engine used explosive combustion of fuel inside the car in order to start a chain of movements that ends up with the wheels drive and rotation. It was an important advance in the automotive field. -
On March 1899, Guglielmo Marconi managed to send a wireless message from Britain to France across the English Channel. He employed radio signals that would be received by some radio stations he established to control transmissions. He showed it was possible to send radio signals without any interference between them. The instrument he used was patented in 1896, when he was around 20 years old.
This would be the first step to transatlantic communication by radio signals. -
On 17 December 1903, in North Carolina, Wilbur Wright (inventor) accompanied his brother Orville (pilot trainer) on the first flight of a powered plane. The plane was designed by them, looking forward a reliable method of pilot control; it was characterised by being heavier than the gliders used. The flight lasted 12 seconds, and traversed 37 metres lenght. It required an skilled pilot to maintain balance in the air. The plane was developed during many decades resulting in airplanes. -
On 14 December 1909, Roald Amundsen and his team of explorers arrive to the South Pole, after a 3 months journey. He firstly wanted to conquer the North Pole, but it was already achieved by Robert Peary. So he decided to take another destination, the South Pole. When they arrived, Roald set up a camp called "Framheim";they became the first explorers stepping there. Some members died at the end of the expedition.
This success contributed to meteorological observations and oceanography researchs.