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White House Conference on Children
*First government conference in which the goal of the meeting was to establish remedial programs for children with disabilities. -
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) was founded
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National Associations for Retarded Citizens (now ARC) was established
*Parents and other individuals that were concerned for the well being of disabled individuals formed a group in hopes of improving eligible services for the disabled population. -
Brown v. Board of Education
- Influential case during the civil rights movement, which opened up the gates and created many changes in the world of education for students with disabilities.
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Education of Mentally Retarted Children Act
*Funds were enacted to train teachers of children wtih mental retardation.
*Training of Professional Personnel Act of 1959 was established -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
*direct aid from government was established for students with disabilities. -
The Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA)
*more funding was made available to aid in the development of training teachers that work with students with disabilities.
*more funding for pilot programs at state and local levels. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Pennsylvania
- Outcome of the case is that all children between the ages of 6 and 21 that have mental retardation must be provided with a free public education, and it is also recommended that these children are educated in a program that is the most similar to programs that their peers without disabiliities attend.
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Mills v. Board of Education
Court ruled that the total exclusion of students with disabilities was unconstitutional. This court case mandated that the board must provide all children with disabilities a publicily supported education. -
Section 504
*1st federal civil rights law to protect the rights of persons with disabilities.
* the purpose of section 504 is to prevent discrimination against any individual with a disability by any agency receiving federal funds. -
Creation of National Advisory Council on Handicapped Children
- The Edcucational Amendment of 1974 authorized the creation of The National Advisory Council on Handicapped Children.
- Stated that each state that received federal funding must have a goal of providing full educational opportunities for all children with disabilities.
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Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
*Free appropriate public education for all students with disabilities between the ages of 3-18 (by September 1, 1978; to age 21 by September 1, 1980) must be provided by all participating states. -
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro
*first high court ruling regarding related services.
*The Supreme Court adopted a "bright-line test" for lower courts to follow when making related services decisions. -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act (HCPA)
*EAHCA was amended in order for courts to award attorneys fees to parents or guardians if they prevailed in their actions of pursuant to the law. -
The Education of the Handicapped Amendments
*became a subchapter to IDEA
*states must provide services for children with developmental disabilities from birth until age 3.
*IFSP plan created -
EAHCA renamed IDEA
*added two more disabilitiy categories: autism and traumatic brain injury.
*added and clarified related services, assistive technology, and rehabilitation services.
*IEPs must include individual transition planning for students with disabilities that are 16 and older. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
*to prohibit the discrimination agains individuals with disabilities based on their disability in programs that receive federal assistance as well as in the private sector.
*Important for educators to be knowledgeable on this law in order to inform student with disabilities and their parents their rights when entering the workforce. -
IDEA
*This new and improved IDEA required improvements in the educational achievement of students with disabilities. -
NCLB act
*states are being held accountable for producing measurable gains in students' achievement in reading and mathematics. -
IDEA
*Law requires more accountability for student performance at the classroom, school and school district levels.
*Law created changes in IEPs, discipline, and identification of students with learning disabilities.
*Law requires all special education teachers to meet the highly qualified teacher requirements of NCLB.