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The 13th Amendment ended slavery in the United States. It made it illegal to own slaves anywhere in the country. This was an important step to give freedom and rights to African Americans after the Civil War.
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The Transcontinental Railroad connected the eastern and western United States, making travel and trade faster and easier. This helped unite the country and encouraged westward expansion. -
The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves. It guaranteed equal protection under the law, making it a key part of civil rights and helping to protect the rights of all Americans.
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The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. It prohibited denying the right to vote based on race or color. This amendment was a major step toward voting equality after the Civil War.
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The Compromise of 1877 ended the disputed 1876 presidential election. In exchange for allowing Rutherford B. Hayes to become president, federal troops were withdrawn from the South. This ended Reconstruction and led to the rise of segregation.
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The Dawes Act divided Native American tribal land into small pieces for individual families to farm to encourage farming and assimilation into American society. However, it led to loss of Native land and tribes being forced apart. -
he Wounded Knee Massacre happened in South Dakota. It happened when the U.S. Army tried to arrest a Lakota Sioux leader named Big Foot. They wanted to stop their traditional Ghost Dance. During the arrest, a fight broke out and U.S. soldiers ended up killing around 150 Lakota Sioux men, women, and children. This sad event ended Native American fights in the area and shows how unfairly Native people were treated.
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The Spanish-American War started on April 21, 1898, and ended on August 13, 1898. It was between the United States and Spain because Cuba wanted to be free. The war began after the USS Maine exploded in Cuba’s harbor. Newspapers used yellow journalism to tell big stories that made people want war. The United States won quickly and took control of places like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. -
World War I began after tensions between European countries. It grew into a global conflict, with the U.S. joining in 1917. The war ended on November 11, 1918. It caused millions of deaths and major world changes, setting the stage for World War II. -
During this time, millions of African Americans moved from the rural South to cities in the North and West. They sought better jobs, education, and escape from racism. This migration changed American cities and culture forever. -
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, to end World War I. It blamed Germany, made it pay money, lose land, and shrink its army. The treaty also created the League of Nations. Many Germans were angry, and this helped lead to World War II later on. -
It gave women the right to vote in the U.S. It was marked a major victory for the women’s suffrage movement. -
The U.S. presidential election saw Republican Herbert Hoover defeat Democrat Al Smith. Hoover won in a landslide, reflecting public confidence in the booming economy just before the Great Depression began the following year. -
During this time, many people tried to sell their stocks all at once, causing prices to fall quickly. Many investors lost a lot of money, and banks failed. This crash started the Great Depression, a very hard time when millions of people lost their jobs and homes. -
It lasted through the 1930s. It was the longest and worst economic downturn in U.S. history. Millions lost jobs, homes, and savings. Banks and businesses closed, and many families struggled to survive. -
World War II was a global conflict from 1939 to 1945. It started when Germany invaded Poland. The war involved many countries, including the U.S., which joined after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941. It ended with the defeat of Germany and Japan. -
The Cold War started in March 1947 when President Truman said the U.S. would fight against communism. It was a long time of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The Cold War ended in December 1991 when the Soviet Union broke up and communism lost power. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott started after Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her bus seat. African American people in Montgomery stopped riding buses to fight against segregation. The boycott lasted over a year and helped end bus segregation, becoming an important part of the Civil Rights Movement. -
The Peace Corps was started by President Kennedy. It sends Americans to help people in other countries with school, health, and community projects. The goal is to build friendship and peace between the U.S. and other nations. The Peace Corps still helps people around the world today. -
It made it illegal to treat people unfairly because of their race, color, religion, sex, or where they’re from. It ended segregation in public places and helped protect voting and job rights for everyone in the United States.