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The 13th Amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States, a pivotal moment in American history following the Civil War. -
Laws passed by Congress to enforce Reconstruction and grant civil rights to freedmen. -
Encouraged Western migration by offering land to settlers. -
Linked the eastern U.S. to the West by rail for the first time. -
John D. Rockefeller's company grew into the biggest monopoly in the U.S. -
A major Native American victory against U.S. troops led by Custer. -
The first major U.S. law to restrict immigration based on nationality. -
National railroad strike that led to federal intervention. -
Supreme Court upheld racial segregation under “separate but equal.” -
U.S. defeated Spain, gaining control of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. -
Gave American women the right to vote. -
Marked the beginning of the Great Depression. -
Federal programs launched to combat the Great Depression. -
After Pearl Harbor, U.S. joined the Allies in WWII. -
Allied troops stormed Normandy, opening a Western front. -
The first atomic bomb was used in war, ending WWII. -
Supreme Court ruled segregation in schools unconstitutional.
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Outlawed discrimination based on race, sex, religion, or national origin.
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Millions protested the war, especially after the Tet Offensive.
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President Nixon resigned due to a political scandal.