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Evolution: Ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese established healthcare procedures based on observation, herbal cures, and surgical skills.
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Devolution: A lack of understanding of diseases, dependence on superstitions, and a lack of organized medical methods hampered advancement.
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Hippocrates, known as the "Father of Medicine," was an ancient Greek physician who emphasized the necessity of symptoms observation and recording, clinical examination, and ethical medical practice. He established the Hippocratic Oath, which still guides medical ethics today.
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Evolution: The Renaissance prompted a renaissance of scientific research, resulting in advances in anatomy and physiology as well as the establishment of medical institutions.