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In around 1712 Thomas Newcomen built the first commercially successful steam engine to pump water out of mines.
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Between 1750 and 1830, the population had grow a lot.
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The historian Arnold Toynbee also created the idea that, in the years between 1780 and 1830, there was an Industrial Revolution.
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Better coal mining techniques allowed deeper mines eg 'roof and pillar' working to support the roof, upcast and downcast shafts to provide ventilation, and the Davy Lamp (1815) to help prevent gas explosions.
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the Ragged Schools Union was set up to give schooling to very poor children
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the canal network covered 4,000 miles
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Christopher Scholes invented the typewriter.
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423 million passengers travelled on 16,000 miles of line
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Toynbee , and the first historians of the Industrial Revolution thought that the industrial growth had been stimulated by Britain's trade.
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Karl Benz invented the motor car
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Miss Morstan visits Sherlock Holmes and shows him the pearls and a letter.
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They meet Thaddeus Sholto and he tells them about his father and the treasure.
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They take a cab with Thaddeus Sholto to Pondicherry Lodge.
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They arrive at Pondicherry Lodge and find Bartholomew Sholto dead.
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Holmes and Watson find footprints and marks in the room made by someone with a wooden leg
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Sherlock Holmes uses his magnifying glass to examine the secret room.
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Inspector Lestrade arrests Thaddeus Sholto for the murder of his brother.
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Watson goes to Lambeth and borrows a dog called Toby.
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Toby follows the smell of the tar and leads Holmes and Watson to a house next to the river.
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Holmes tries to find Mordecai Smith and the Aurora.
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Inspector Lestrade, Holmes and Watson chase the Aurora in a police boat. they kill the native and catch the man with the wooden leg.
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Jonathan Small tells the story of the Agra Treasure and the Sign of Four.
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Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis.
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Between 1900 and 1909, 'red-brick' universities were founded in Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield and Bristol, concentrating on science or engineering courses.