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Instead of rule of man, it's changed to rule of law
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Experience in early governance
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Experience in early governance
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Required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before new taxes
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Experiments in Early Governance
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Each charter guaranteed colonists the “rights of Englishmen.”
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Charles defeated, beheaded
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Free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment guaranteed
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Had to govern according to statutes of Parliament
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Established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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Established a Three-tiered Judicial Structure
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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger;...
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The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
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The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
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Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction
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More than 200 Year of Amendments
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Began to expand the power of the Supreme Court
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Power of judicial review
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12th amendment allows the President to choose V.P.
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"Power to tax is the power to destroy"
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Power of Fed. Govt. To regulate interstate commerce
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Dred Scott
Slave who sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
Gave him no legal standing to sue
Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court -
Granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges
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Supreme Court during this time narrowly interpreted the 13th-15th amendments
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Expanding National Power
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Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
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Gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax Main source of US income
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The court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights
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He packed the court with nominees that supported expansion of gov't. Power
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Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons
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The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs)
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Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions
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The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs.
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Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens
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Coordinates national security policy
Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration -
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
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Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Expanded rights of people accused of crimes
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Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage
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Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
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Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War
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President must consult with Congress before sending troops
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Returned some authority to state governments
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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
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Congress gave states authority to manage welfare systems with block grants
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Executive Departments and Independent Agencies
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Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment
