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Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler had led the Nazi Party, a fledgling political group that promoted German pride and anti-Semitism and was unhappy with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the peace settlement that ended World War I (1914-18) and required many concessions and reparations from Germany. ' >More Info.' Reference: Bibliography: Google.com,. 'Beer Hall Putsch - Google Search'. N.p., 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
An agreement signed by a number of nations in 1928. Its intention was to outlaw the use of war to resolve disputes between signatory states. Although the pact was unsuccessful in preventing the re-militarization that eventually led to World War II, its intentions were incorporated into the United Nations Charter in the 1940s
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U.S. Stock Market Crash
The deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its nadir, some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of the country’s banks had failed.
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Japan Invades Manchuria
Japan was becoming increasingly crowded due to its limited size as a nation and its rapidly increasing population. By 1931, Japan had invested vast sums of money into the economy of Manchuria effectively controlled by the South Manchuria Railway Company.
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Hitler becomes Germany's Chancellor
Hitler’s elevation to the chancellorship was hardly the glorious ascension to power he had dreamed of. Rather than being swept into power on a wave of public support. Hitler instead became chancellor through a shadowy backroom deal.
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Mussolini Takes Over Italy's Government
Hitler was appointed chancellor on January 30th 1933. By April 1st 1933, his power was such that, after the Enabling Act, Hitler could only be seen as the dictator of Nazi Germany regardless of Hindenburg's presidency.
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Japan Withdraws from the League of Nations
The Japanese delegation, withdrew from the League of Nations Assembly.After the assembly had adopted a report blaming Japan for events in Manchuria.
The stunned conclave, sat in silence while the delegation walked from the hall.
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Nazi's reach a political majority in Germany
Hitler was appointed chancellor and by the end of March 1933, he had acquired much greater powers than the former leading politicians of the Weimar Republic could ever have foreseen when they supported his appointment as chancellor.
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The night of the long knives (Rohm Purge)
Nazi Party leadership, on the order of Nazi Party Leader and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, purged the leadership of the Nazi paramilitary formation. The Nazi leaders took advantage of the purge to kill other political enemies, primarily on the German nationalist right.
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Hitler openly announces to his cabinet he will defy the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler convened a Cabinet meeting and also assembled members of the Army's General Staff on a Friday. He then announced a major decision he had just come to, Germany would openly defy the military limitations set by the Treaty of Versailles and re-arm.
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First Anti-Semitic Law is passed in Germany
Antisemitism and the persecution of Jews represented a central tenet of Nazi ideology. In their 25-point Party Program, published in 1920, Nazi party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from "Aryan" society and to abrogate Jews' political, legal, and civil rights.
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Creation of the Nuremberg Laws
In 1935, Adolf Hitler decided that the time was ripe for more restrictions on Germany's Jews, especially since many Party militants had expressed their disappointment with the Arierparagraph. He therefore outlined laws for the protection for Germany in which would "regulate the problems of marriage"
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Italy invades Ethiopia
Italy attacked Ethiopia without a declaration of war. Four days later, the League of Nations declared Italy an aggressor, but took no action against the country. Italian troops held back until December, when a border incident in the city of Wal Wal gave Italy its much needed excuse to attack Ethiopia.
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Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine River in western Germany.
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Rape of Nanking
The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II by Iris Chang follows the progression of Japanese soldiers from Shanghai to Nanking during World War II and gives account of the horrible atrocities committed by the Japanese military at Nanking.
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Germany Annexes Austria
In early 1938, Austrian Nazis conspired for the second time in four years to seize the Austrian government by force and unite their nation with Nazi Germany. Austrian Chancellor, met with Nazi leader in the hopes of reasserting his country's independence but was bullied into naming several top Austrian Nazis.
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Munich Conference
In late 1938 a crisis developed in Europe. Adolf Hitler, had already annexed Austria the year before. Now he wanted to also take the "Sudetenland" region and make the territory a part of Germany. He claimed that the German speaking inhabitants of this land were being mistreated by the Czech government.
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Kristallnacht
An incident known as “Kristallnacht”, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews. In the aftermath of Kristallnacht, also called the “Night of Broken Glass,” some 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps.
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Einstein’s letter to FDR, “The Manhattan Project
American newspapers and magazines openly discussed the prospect of atomic energy. However, most American physicists doubted that atomic energy or atomic bombs were realistic possibilities. No official U.S. atomic energy project existed.
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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Hitler and Stalin signed a non-agression pact, called the Molotov-Ribbentrop The treaty defined the territorial spheres of influence Germany and Russia would have after a successful invasion of Poland. Hitler had been creating justifications and laying plans for such an invasion since April.
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Nazi invasion of Poland
This move was not popular with many Germans who supported Hitler but resented the fact that Poland had received the former German provinces of West Prussia, Poznan, and Upper Silesia under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I.
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Evacuation of Dunkirk
It was a fateful decision that would ultimately transform a military defeat into a moral victory. As German forces continued their advance into France, General Viscount Gort, Commander of the British Expeditionary Force in France, could see that the German invaders were getting the upper hand.
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Battle of Britain
Took place when the Luftwaffe attempted to win air superiority over southern England from the Royal Air Force as an essential prerequisite for the invasion of this country by German naval and land forces. For the British, it ran from 10 July - 31 October 1940. For the Germans it began on 13 August, Adlertag or Eagle Day
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The Tripartite Pact
Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the signatories suffer attack by any nation not already involved in the war.
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Lend Lease Act
After two months of vigorous public debate, provided new legal authority for the U.S. president to offer war supplies to the country's allies, thereby pushing the United States closer to full participation in World War II. The Act marked a victory for the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt & for his opponents.
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Operation Barbarossa
Hitler’s intention was always to invade the Soviet Union. It was, along with the destruction of the Jews, fundamental to his core objectives – living-space in the east and the subjugation of the Slavic race. He stated his intentions clearly enough in his semi-autobiographical Mein Kampf, published in 1925. - See mo
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor
By complete surprise on 7 December 1941, the Japanese high military command attacked the military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, killing thousands, destroying hundreds of vessels, and propelling the United States into World War II.
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Creation of the United Nations
Representatives of 26 nations at war with the Axis powers met in Washington to sign the Declaration of the United Nations endorsing the Atlantic Charter, pledging to use their full resources against the Axis and agreeing not to make a separate peace.
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The Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution”
High-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the implementation of what they called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question."
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Bataan Death March
After the fall of Manila, the Americans were hurled back by the advanced of the enemy. In the face of the onslaught General MacArthur ordered a fighting retreat by all USAFFE units consisting of some 30.000 American and 120.000 Filipino troops to Bataan Peninsular until reinforcements arrive.
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Doolittle Raid
First U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese home islands during WWII. The mission is notable in that it was the only operation in which U.S. Army Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat.
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Battle of Midway
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. defeated Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. Thanks in part to major advances in code breaking, the U.S was able to preempt and counter Japan’s planned ambush of its few remaining aircraft carriers, inflicting permanent damage on the Japanese Navy.
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Battle of Stalingrad
In recognition of Joseph Stalin‘s leading role in saving the city from the counterrevolutionary ‘Whites’ during the Russian Civil War. Considered important because of its supply of oil, the symbolic significance of Stalingrad. - See more at: http://www.historyinanhour.com/2012/02/02/battle-of-stalingrad-summary/
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Island Hopping (date for Buna-Gona Campaign)
The United States launched a counter-offensive strike known as "island-hopping," establishing a line of overlapping island bases, as well as air control. The idea was to capture certain key islands, one after another, until Japan came within range of American bombers.
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Operation Torch
Operation Torch was the name given to the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942. Operation Torch was the first time the British and Americans had jointly worked on an invasion plan together.
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Operation Overlord and D-Day
Battle of Normandy, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the battle began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region.
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Operation Valkyrie
A plot by senior-level German military officials to murder Adolf Hitler and then take control of his government failed when a bomb planted in a briefcase went off but did not kill the Nazi leader. The assassination attempt took place at the “Wolfsschanze”, a command post near Rastenburg.
<ahref='http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/operation_valkyrie.htm' >More Info.</a>Reference: Google.com,. 'Operation Valkyrie - Google Search'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Feb. 2015. -
Discovery of Majdanek
The Liberation of Majdanek Russian POWs shown after Majdanek was liberated
The Majdanek extermination camp in Lublin was liberated by Soviet troops on July 23, 1944; it was the first of many Nazi concentration camps to be liberated by the Allies.
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Battle of the Bulge
It was to be the US’ biggest pitched battle in their history, involving 600,000 American troops. The Allied forces were advancing towards Germany, pushing the Germans back town by town and believing the war to be almost won. - See more at: http://www.historyinanhour.com/2009/12/16/battle-of-the-bulge-summary/#sthash
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Hitler’s Suicide
He placed a cyanide capsule in his mouth and bit into it as he pulled the trigger to make sure double sure that he died, and was not captured alive. Hitler's remains were immediately brought above ground and his remains burned and buried in a shallow grave to hide them from the Russians.
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V-E Day
German collapse came after the meeting (Apr. 25) of the Western and Russian armies at Torgau in Saxony, and after Hitler's death amid the ruins of Berlin, which was falling to the Russians under marshals Zhukov and Konev. The unconditional surrender of Germany was signed at Rheims on May 7.
href='http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/v-e-day-is-celebrated-in-american-and-britain' >More Info.</a>Reference: Google.com,. 'V-E Day - Google Search'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Feb. 2015. -
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
US dropped an atomic bomb ("Little Boy") on Hiroshima in Japan. Three days later a second atomic bomb ("Fat Man") was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. These were the only times nuclear weapons have been used in war.
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V-J Day
It was announced that Japan had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, effectively ending World War II. Since then, both August 14 and August 15 have been known as “Victoryover Japan Day,” or simply “V-J Day.”
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The Nuremberg Trials
were a series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany.
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The Japanese War Crime Trials
In Tokyo, Japan, the International Military Tribunals for the Far East begins hearing the case against 28 Japanese military and government officials accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II.
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