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Established that gases can have chemical identities and are not simply airs.
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Henry Cavendish discovered Hydrogen
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Carl Scheele independently discovered Oxygen and called it "Fire Air", but work was not published until 1777.
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Daniel Rutherford discovered Nitrogen and called it "noxious air".
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Joseph Priestley discovered Oxygen
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Joseph Priestley and Henry Cavendish discovered through experiments that water was composed of Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Sir William Ramsay discovered Helium
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Friedrich Ernst Dorn discovered Radon
