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It is under his reign that happened the schism, known as the separation between the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church.
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Martin Luther, german monk, wrote his theses to denounce the Church, mostly the Indulgences. -
Tyndale wrote the first english Bible, taking Luther's idea (wrote it in german) -
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After the Pope's disapproval of the King's divorce, the King of England is made "Supreme Head of the Church of England". This Act started the Protestant Reformation. -
6 months of the greatest rebellions ever faced by the Tudor's family. Mostly in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, where people were against the Reformation.
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It is now the turn of Edward VI, son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour to reign over England.
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Edward VI pushes England towards Protestantism. After the revision of mass-book, the "Book of Common Prayer" is published, which shapes what the Anglican Church believes in and how they worship. -
Known as "Bloody Mary", she is the first Queen Regnant of England.
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Protestantism was secrecy, as Mary I brought back Catholicism, and heretics were burned alive by Mary I (200 of them).
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Another Act of Supremacy is passed under Elizabeth’s reign, but she is now made “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”. -
Every parish had to use the book of Common Prayer and the ones who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
It stated the doctrine of the church with 3 new important changes : new ecclesiology, doctrine of Salvation and definition of sacraments.
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After the Pope Pius V issued the Papal Bull “Regnans in Excelsis”, Elizabeth I was excommunicated of the Roman Catholic Church. -
After being imprisoned for 19 years, Mary was convicted for complicity and was sentenced to death in the Fortheringham Castle wearing a bright red dress, colour of the Catholic martyrs. -
As Elizabeth supported the Dutch revolt against Spain, the King Phillip II attempted to invade England. England was victorious of that battle. -
It is in this famous speech that Elizabeth talked about her legitimacy as a Queen, with her most known quote : “I know I have the body of a weak woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a King, and a King of England too”. -
He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots. He was proclaimed King of Scotland in 1567 and was crowned King of England in 1603 on Elizabeth’s death.
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It is a conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up the Parliament and kill James I, which did not see the light as they were arrested by the police. -
James I inherited a £100,000 debt. He tried to introduce a financial reform (the contract) which meant the King would receive a fixed sum. The House of Commons refused to vote in favour and James dismissed the Parliament. -
One of the important changes, a new translation of the Bible. -
Military defeats, England at war with Spain and France. Caused a huge strain of finances and the raising of troops had important impacts on the local population.
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He firmly believed in the divine rights of Kings and interpreted all criticism as a direct challenge to his authority. He favoured the Arminians, a minority wing of Anglicans.
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The MPs requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial. They wanted to get Charles recognise that there were limits to his powers. -
It declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the Protestant form of the Church of England was an enemy of the k-Kingdom, as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without the Parliament’s consent. -
Official name given to the 11 years when the King ruled without calling a Parliament. Whig historians called it “The Eleven Years of Tyranny”.
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It is a petition opposing Charles’ I religious policy, it called for spiritual independence of the Scottish Church to be maintained. -
Called for the first time after 11 years, but dismissed after only 3 weeks as the MPs demanded the King to address their grievances. -
They passed two acts to remedy 11 years of grievances: they should meet at least every 3 years and the dissolution required its consent.
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The army should be placed under the control of the Parliament and not the King.
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It is an important document voted by Parliament after heated debates and it summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I. It concluded the right of the House of Commons to choose the King's ministers, for the Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland and to reform the Church. -
As Charles believed that 5 MPs were plotting against the Queen. He marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest them. It was a breach of privilege. -
On 22 August 1642, Charles formally declared war on parliament, after they presented 19 Propositions to the King. Prior to that, Charles believed 5 MPs were plotting against the Queen, he marched into the House of Commons with troops.
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On this day, Charles formally declare war on Parliament. This war would cost the lives of 190,000 Englishmen and last four years. -
After Charles’ death, the Monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished and England was declared a Commonwealth. -
It is a period between two reigns and two kings.
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Basically, England was a Commonwealth and it ruled as a Republic. The House of Lords was abolished and the House of Commons had supreme authority.
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Charles I was put on trial for high treason and he was executed after that. The monarchy would then be abolished. -
It is England’s first and only written constitution. -
It is the end of the Commonwealth and the start of the Cromwellian Protectorate, or Military Protectorate. -
It was a military dictatorship, similar to a monarchy without a King. Cromwell appointed Lord Protector, Parliaments elected every 3 years and Council of State served for life.
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Charles II issued this declaration, it promised general amnesty and religious toleration in return for the restoration of Monarchy. -
Charles I's son, he fled to France after Cromwell defeated his army.
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Charles II restored the Monarchy -
All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer. -
It was a rumour of a plot to murder Charles II and replace him with his Catholic brother James II. -
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne as he was Catholic. -
He is the last Catholic monarch of England. He is mainly known for the Glorious Revolution.
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Started as James’ wife gave birth to a Catholic heir, a son. It was a threat to Protestantism. -
It fixed limitations on the king’s powers, the Parliament had to consent to new laws and gained control over finances and over the army. -
It ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs. It put an end to the quarrel between the King and Parliament. -
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England, Wales and Scotland. Scotland even kept its Presbyterian church and own laws.