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Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York, to a Dutch American family made well known by Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States.
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In mid-1902, Franklin began courting his future wife Eleanor Roosevelt, whom he had been acquainted with as a child.[28] Eleanor and Franklin were fifth cousins, once removed, and Eleanor was a niece of Theodore Roosevelt.[29] They began corresponding with each other in 1902, and in October 1904, Franklin proposed marriage to Eleanor.[30] On March 17, 1905, Roosevelt married Eleanor in New York City.
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In 1910, Roosevelt accepted an offer from the Democratic party of the United States in his native administrative district to run as a Senator in the new York state legislature and won.
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Without completing his third term in the state legislature, Roosevelt moved to Washington. As an assistant Secretary of the sea (1913-1921), he advocated the strengthening of the Navy, strengthening the defense of the United States, a strong presidential power and an active foreign policy.
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In 1914, he attempted to obtain a Senator's seat in the U.S. Congress, but failed.
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In 1920, under the slogan of the US entry into the League of Nations, Roosevelt ran from the Democratic party to Vice-President of the United States paired with presidential candidate James Cox. The defeat of the Democratic party in the face of growing isolationist sentiment and severe illness temporarily removed Roosevelt from active political activity.
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1928 he was elected Governor of the economically and politically influential state of new York, which opened the way to the White house.
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In the presidential campaign of 1932, Roosevelt won an impressive victory over Herbert Hoover, who failed to bring the country out of the economic crisis of 1929-1933 (the"great depression"). During the election campaign, Roosevelt outlined the main ideas of socio-economic transformation, received on the recommendation of his advisers ("brain trust") the name of "New deal".
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In the first hundred days of his presidency , Roosevelt carried out a number of important reforms: the banking system was restored, in may he signed the law on the establishment of the Federal emergency administration for assistance to the hungry and unemployed, the Law on the refinancing of farm debt, as well as the Law on the restoration of agriculture, which provided for state control over the volume of agricultural production.
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A convincing victory in the 1936 elections allowed Roosevelt to continue the reforms, and in 1937-1938 to improve the situation in the spheres of civil engineering, wages and labor legislation. The laws adopted by the Congress on the initiative of the President were a bold experiment of state regulation in order to change the distribution mechanism of the economy and social protection of the population.
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The blitzkrieg of Hitler in Europe and the third consecutive victory of Roosevelt in the elections of 1940 had stepped up American assistance to Britain. On March 11, 1941, the President signed the "Law on the further strengthening of the defense capability of the United States and on the promotion of other goals". The law on lend-lease on November 7, 1941 extended to the USSR, which was granted an interest-free loan in the amount of 1 billion dollars.
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The attack on December 7, 1941 by Japanese aircraft on the American naval base Pearl Harbor in the Pacific was a surprise for Roosevelt, who tried in the last months of 1941 by diplomatic negotiations to delay the war with Japan. The next day, the United States and Britain declared war on Japan, and on December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.
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