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The first helmet was made out of leather by George Barclay and offered little protection.
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The helmet was raised up on the forehead to prevent more hits to the head and to cussion the head more.
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Riddell started making helmets out of plastic because it protected the head more, was cheaper, and could be made more easily.
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A bar was added to the helmet to keep players from being hit in the face by a ball or other players.
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Another bar was added to further decrease the risk of being struck in the face.
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Air bladders were placed into the helmet to further protect the head of the player and reduce the risk of a concussion.
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More bars were added to even further reduce the risk of the player being struck in the face.
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Protective visors were added to keep the player from being hit in the eye by something, or so that it could be shaded so they could see better.
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Polycarbonate is a type of plastic and was used to replace the old plastic because it's harder and more durable.
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With new knowledge about concussions, and they're permanant affects on the rain sensors that sense if the head takes a hit with the power of 100 g's or more as this can cause a concussion. New helmets also have extra padding in them to further protect the head.
