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John Marshall
John Marshall was the Supreme Court Chief Justice for over 30 years. He played an important role in many critical court cases, such as McCulloch v. Maryland. He has been described as "a judge with strong nationalist learnings." He is also famous for exercising judicial review in the courts, which sees if any law can be declared unconstitutional. -
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Dual Federalism
Dual federalism was guided by the idea that both the national and state governments were soverign within their own spheres. During this era, leaders such as Supreme Court Cheif Justice John Marshall helped to gradually increase the power of the national government. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
A dispute over the government's authority reached the Supreme Court in the case of McColloch v. Maryland (1989). During the case, John Marshall, a "justice with strong nationalist learnings" was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Starting with this case, the Court's rulings became an important way to expand that powers of the national government. -
Doctrine of Nullification
In the years prior to the civil war, the arguement was directed towards states' rights and the extent of the government's power. In the southern states, their arguement was that the states "had the right to nullify the national laws that they believed contradicted or clashed with state interests. This point is more commonly known as the doctrine of nullification. -
Doctrine of Succession
In the years leading up to the civil war, southern states were beginning to challenge national law. According to the doctrine of nullification, when a state challenged the national law, they mustget 3/4 of the states to approve an amendment to enact the law. This new idea that states must either follow the law, or leave the Union was called the doctrine of succession. -
Reconstruction Amendments
After the end of the civil war, and the defeat of the Confederate States of America. The war proved that the national law would always rule supreme. The end of the war also brought about the creation of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, more commonly known as the Reconstruction Amendments. These Amendments abolished slavery, defined citizenship, extended voting rights to African American men, and prohibited the states from denying citizens' rights. -
Interstate commerce act
Federal law that regulated the railroad company. It told them to be “fair and just” when making sale prices. It told them to be fair but never specified any terms. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman anti-trust act of 1980 prohibits certain business activities that government regulators deem to be anti-competitive. It also requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts. These acts were created to promote fair competition for the benefit of consumers. -
United States v. E.C. Knight Company
The United States v. E.C. Knight Company case was the first Supreme court case that limited the government's power to control monopolies. Grover Cleveland sued the E.C. Knight Company for violating the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This Act prohibits a company from controlling a monopoly on a certain good. The decision was in favor of the U,S. and monopolies could only be controlled by individual states. -
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Cooperative Federalism
Cooperative faderalism was marked by the belief that all levels of government should work together to solbe problems, such as poverty. During the Great Depression, the national government created the Works Progress Administration (WPA) to give unemployed workers jobs. -
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The New Deal
In the 1930's the stock market crashed, and the U.S. economy plummeted. Newly sworn in President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal. The New Deal was a series of programs to attempt to escape the Great Depression by focusing on the 3 R’s: Relief, Reform and Recovery. These acts helped the U.S. succesfully get out of The Great Depression. -
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Creative Federalism
In this era, the national government funded state and local programs that met the national goals, such as fighting poverty, In the 1960's First Lady Lady Bird Johnson visited a school program funded by national grants. -
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Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon B. Johnson was the 36th president of the USA. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was John F. Kennedy's Vice President, and after Kennedy was assassinated, he was sworn in. He created movements such as the Great Society and the Voting Rights Act/ -
The Great Society: Jan 4 1965
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. It also included ideas of urban renewal, transportation, cleaning the environment, healthcare reform, crime control, and an educational reform. -
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New Federalism
In the 1990s supporters of New Federalism and devolution, such as Newt Gindrich, argued that decreased national spoending and returning power to the states would improve government. -
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The Reagan Years
The Reagan Years were the years in which Ronald Reagan was President. He emphasized that taxes were very high and need to be cut down. He said that military spending must be increased to "fix the degenerating state of the American war machine." -
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Ronald Reagan Presidency
Ronald Reagan was the 40th president of the USA. He was a member of the Republican party. During his campaign, He said that taxes were high and need to be lowered. He also said that more military funding was needed to continue to defend America. -
Contract with America: Sept. 27, 1994
The Contract with America was a document that Republicans released describing the plans of the Republicans if they had the majority in the House of Representitives. This would be the first time in 40 years that the Republicans would have control. This document was written by Newt Gingrich and Richard Armey. The Republicans eventually gained control of the 104th National Congress
