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The Articles of Confederation was formed as the first governing document in the US which was the first original constitution that was ratified in 1781. Then it was replaced by the US constitution in 1789.
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A federalism government was established after the failure of the Articles of Confederation which is the constitutional relationship between US state governments and the federal government.
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The Federal government has control over the nation such as collecting taxes from citizens, regulate commerce, maintain an army and declare war, coin money and regulate its value,
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The state governments can establish local governments, conduct elections, have its own state laws, establish and support public schools, enforce state laws
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Dual federalism is a system of government in which both state and federal governments remain supreme within their own spheres which is commonly known as "Layer Cake Federalism"
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Cooperative Federalism is a theory in which indicates that both federal and state governments should cooperate with each other into solving problems happening within the country. For example in cases like the Great Depression which was a problem that affected both federal and state governments.
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There has been federalism cases which both national and state governments have created some laws that both governments aren't on the same level. For instance, the Obama Administration basically forced every citizen in the country to have health insurance which some states and even the people opposed this health care law. In 2010, Arizona created its most controversial anti-immigration law which wasn't a law that was affected nationwide but only the state itself.
