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McCulloch v. Maryland
Case where the government of Maryland imposed a tax on the Second Bank's Baltimore branch attempting to put the branch out of business however the branch's cashier James William McCulloch refused to pay the Maryland tax. In state court, the state of Maryland won, the case went to the Supreme Court. Three days after the case was heard the decision and the decision enabled the Congress the power to establish a national bank. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Case that started from Aaron Odgen being given the license to operate steam-powered ferryboats between NY and NJ. Then Thomas Gibbons was given the license to operate boats in the interstate waters, tried to compete with Odgen but without New York's permission which led to Odgen suing Gibbons. Marshall's ruling increased power of the national legislature to regulate commerce. -
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Civil War
The Civil War over slavery and dispute over national government supremacy versus the rights of separate states. Defeat of the South made so no state could secede or withdraw from the Union. The Civil War resulted in an increase in the national government's political power. -
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13th Amendment, 14th Amendment, 15th Amendment
13th Amendment abolished slavery and also abolished the rule by which three-fifths of the slaves were counted when apportioning seats in the House of Representatives. 14th Amendment made it to where no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The 15th Amendment gave African-Americans the right to vote in all elections, including state election. -
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Rosevelt's "New Deal"
Included larger-scale emergency antipoverty programs. Also brought in new laws regulations economic activity. These activities included the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 which led to the National Recovery Administration. The NRA which was the centerpiece of the New Deal that provided codes for every industry to restrict competition and regulate labor relations. -
New Federalism
New Federalism devolved authority from national governments to the states governments. Also, New Federalism age the state governments greater flexibility in spending, along with revenue sharing. Under revenue sharing, the national government provided direct, unconditional financial support to state and local governments. -
United States v. Lopez
A case in which the Supremer Court found the 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act unconstitutional for overstepping the congressional boundaries of the commerce clause. The Gun-Free School Zones Act banned the possession of guns within 1000 feet of any school. This resulted in the first time the Supreme Court placed a limit on national governments authority under the commerce clause. -
Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents
Case that the Supreme Court determined that the Congress's enforcement powers under the 14th Amendment to the Constitution did not extend to the extent of state sovereign immunity under the 11th Amendment where the discrimination complained of was rationally based on age.
