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Spener was born in Brighton, England.
He was an English philosopher, biologist and sociologist.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer#Life
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Darwinism
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/559249/Herbert-Spencer -
Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher, biologist, sociologist,
He was born in Derby, England -
Progress: Its Law and Cause was published in Chapman's Westminster Review
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In this essay he coined survival of the fittest. His theory became known as Social Darwinism. This is when evolution is applied to sociology and politics.
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Fisher was born in East Finchley London, England.
His evoltionary theories included discription of runaway selection to explain the development peacocks feathers and other such characteristics. He also explained why species population are about half male and half female.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Fisher
www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Fisher.html
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/.../Sir-Ronald-Aylmer-Fisher -
He worked in Statis, Evolutionary Biology and genetics
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Dobzhansky was born in Nemyriv, Dnieper Ukraine, Russia. He was a geneticist and evolutionary biologist.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_20
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/167314/Theodosius-Dobzhansky -
He was born in Nemyriv, Ukaraine. He moved to the United States in 1928. Dobzhansky attended the University of Kiev between 1917 and 1921where he then studied until 1924. He then moved to Leningrad, Russia,
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Spencer dies in Brighton, England.
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He began publishing research papers. He published over 400 papers. The papers provided factual evidence for modern evolution theories.
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He began to create modern day methods for conducting reliable experiments. He introduced principal of randomiation. Experiements need to be repeated on controls to ensure accurate results. He also itroduced the concept of analysis variancce.
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By the time he moved to the US he had already published articles.
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He did plant breeding experiements. From these experiments he developed theories about gene dominance and fitness.
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His modern synthesis theory combines Natural Histoy and genetics. He discovered that different popluations of fruit flies had slightly different genes. This meant that there is not a standard gene set for a species. He conculded that if 2 organisms can successfully breed then they are from the same species.
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Stephen Gould was born in New York City. Darwin was unable to prove his evolution history through fossil records. Stephen Gould was a founder of the “punctuated equilibrium” theory. This theory states that evolution being genetic happened rapidly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould
http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/PUNCTUEQ.html -
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Fisher died in Adelaide Austraila
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The theory of punctuated evolution is supported by fossil records. This theory says that evolutionary changes may happen quickly, very slow or not at all. This idea is different from Darwin's theory that evolution is a slow process. Evolution according to Gould and Eldredige was not continous. This was a controversal theory since most up until this point believed that evolution was a gradual slow process. Today this a leading theory.
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The Paleontological Society Medal,Schuchert Award by the Paleontological Society for his work in evolutionary Read more: Stephen Jay Gould Biography - life, children, history, wife, school, mother, young, son, book http://www.notablebiographies.com/Gi-He/Gould-Stephen-Jay.html#ixzz20obkhMYP
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He died in San Jacinto, Ca
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In this book Gould "he discussed the maturation of organisms in the context of their evolution as species. "
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The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm was published in The Royal Society of Londen. Series B, Bioogical Sciences, Vol 205, No 1161, The evolution of Adaptation by natural selection pp. 581-598.
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He was born in modern day Nemuriv, Ukraine
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