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Although a ventriloquist named Paul Winchell patented the artificial heart, it was not until 1957, when Dr. Willem Kolff created a totally implantable heart that went into a dog that survived for 90 minutes. It was a hydraulic Polyvinyl-chloride heart. Winchell soon gave the rights to the patent to Kolff after Kolff made a real model of it.
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Blakeslee, S. (2009, February 16). Willem J. Kolff, at 97; Dutch inventor of artificial heart and organs. Boston.com. Retrieved October 4, 2012, from Willem J. Kolff, at 97; Dutch inventor of artificial heart and organs Syncardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. (n.d.). SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.syncardia.com/component/option,com_arttimeline/Itemid,707/timelineid,1/
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"Artificial Hearts: Building a Better Heart." : Artificial Hearts. Accessed October 04, 2012. http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/healthy/fake.html. Artificial Organ History: A Selective Timeline. (n.d.). Artificial Organ History: A Selective Timeline. Retrieved October 4, 2012, from http://echo.gmu.edu/bionics/exhibits.htm
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Denton Cooley from Tennessee Heart Institute in 1969 performed a surgery for a patient with a model developed by Dr. Domingo Liotta that kept a patient alive for the 60 hours needed until a human heart would be necessary. This was the first successful total implantation into a human.
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Artificial Hearts: Building a Better Heart. (n.d.). : Artificial Hearts. Retrieved October 04, 2012, from http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/healthy/fake.html Liotta-Cooley Artificial Heart. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved from http://newsdesk.si.edu/snapshot/liotta-cooley-artificial-heart SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. (n.d.). SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.syncardia.com/component/option,com_arttimeline/Itemid,707/timelineid,1/
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A cow survived 30 days with the Kolff artificial heart and Testing on animals in 1975 improved the total artificial heart. The scientists who were testing this were able to make improvements for issues caused by the artificial heart. These include fixing liver damage and risk of infection and clot formation, which were problems caused by previous models.
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"Artificial Hearts: Building a Better Heart." : Artificial Hearts. Accessed October 04, 2012. http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/healthy/fake.html.Artificial Heart Research. (n.d.). Artificial Heart Research. Retrieved from http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/139052/enlarge
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"Refinement in Application of Total Artificial Heart, with Improvement in Survival and Histopathological Findings." National Center for Biotechnology Information. August 1975. Accessed October 04, 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1152507. SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. (n.d.). SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.syncardia.com/component/option,com_arttimeline/Itemid,707/timelineid,1/
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Robert Jarvic created another artificial heart in 1978. It was called the Jarvic model. After a cow lived with it for over 180 days, a request for it to be able to be put into humans was granted. The patient that it was first put into was Barney Clark and the surgeon was William DeVries from University of Utah. However, no patient with the Jarvic heart lived too long after this surgery. The first patient survived for about 112 days with it in.
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SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. (n.d.). SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.syncardia.com/component/option,com_arttimeline/Itemid,707/timelineid,1/
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a German company creates an external attachment called the Excor Portable Driver that allows the patient to be discharged from the hospital while they are waiting for their new transplant. This evolution is very important because it allows the patient to resume a semi-normal life while they had the artificial implant, which was the time period spent waiting for a transplantable human heart to become available.
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SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. (n.d.). SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.syncardia.com/component/option,com_arttimeline/Itemid,707/timelineid,1/
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This completely implantable heart is not perfect, because it does not totally completely fix the problem (usually the severity of the disease overtakes the strength of the implant). However, it extends the lifespan of someone who is awaiting a human heart implant. This implant has both a rechargeable internal battery and rechargeable external battery, as well as an advanced hydraulic pump, porting valve, and monitor.
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SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. (n.d.). SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.syncardia.com/component/option,com_arttimeline/Itemid,707/timelineid,1/ What are the components of the AbioCor artificial heart? - Curiosity. (n.d.). Curiosity. Retrieved from http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/the-components-abiocor-artificial-heart
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AbioCor Implantable Heart. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12820741 AbioCor Implantable Replacement Heart - Texas Heart Institute - Heart Assist Devices. (n.d.). AbioCor Implantable Replacement Heart - Texas Heart Institute - Heart Assist Devices. Retrieved from http://texasheart.org/Research/Devices/abiocor.cfm
