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Upon the opening of the first high school in Boston, MA, debates regarding funding were starting to take place. Eventually, it was decided that the public would fund high schools, as we see in public high schools today.
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Horace Mann, who beleived that the mixing of social classes in the school room would help releive tension between groups, became the first secretary of the Massachussettes Board of Education.
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In 1858, Boston established the John Quincy School, the first school to be divided by grades; one teacher taught students from one grade level, and each teacher had a designated room.
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The McGuffy reader became the primary textbook used in schools; it included reading, writing, and arithmetic materials, as well as moral lessons.
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In 1896, John Dewey opened his Laboratory School; the focus in his school was to make a classroom a group learning environment.
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In 1920, Junior High Schools were created due too overcrowding of elementary schools.
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By the late 1950's, junior high schools were running out of room, and were deemed nealy useless. Middle schools were created to tailor to the needs of the age group, and make more room in elementary and high schools.
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On October 4, 1957, The Soviett Union launched the first sattellite. A demand for higher educational expectations developed in schools as an effort to regain power during the Cold War.
